Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Answer 1

plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries)

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).

Question 3

Diagnosing CAD

Answer 3

ECD of EKG
Echocardiogram
Exercise Stress Test
Chest X-Ray
Cardiac Catheterization
Coronary Angiogram

Question 4

CAD Risk Factors x10

Answer 4

blood pressure
cholesterol, 
 Diabetes & sugar levels. 
 overweight, 
physical inactivity, 
unhealthy eating, 
 smoking 
Alcohol >1 W >2 M
family history of heart disease
Risk greater with age
Race White & Black > Asian, Hispanic, PI

Question 5

Reduce your Risk for CAD x5

Answer 5

lower sodium, lower fat - diet
increasing physical activity
quitting smoking.
Medications to treat risk factors - high cholesterol, high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, and low blood flow.
Surgical procedures

Question 6

Symptoms of a Heart Attack

Answer 6

Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back.
Feeling weak, light-headed, or faint.
Chest pain or discomfort.
Pain or discomfort in arms or shoulder.
Shortness of breath.

Other - esp women = tired, nausea, & vommiting

Question 7

Stroke

Answer 7

Lack of blood flow to the brain. This causes brain tissue to become damaged or die due to lack of oxygen

Question 8

ischemic stroke

Answer 8

Stroke due to blockage

Question 9

hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 9

occurs when a blood vessel bursts in the brain

Question 10

Stroke Signs & Symptoms x8

Answer 10

Numbness or weakness *L side
Confusion 
Trouble Speaking or Understanding
Trouble Seeing
Trouble Walking/Balance 
Dizziness
Loss of Coordination
Headache

Question 11

If you think someone is having a stroke

Answer 11

FAST
Face - does smile droop
Arms - lift both does one arm drift down
Speech - can they repeat a phrase clearly - w.o. Slurring
TIME go fast & note the time

Question 12

If stroke symptoms disappear soon …

Answer 12

Transient Ischemic Attack - seek medical attention

Question 13

Conditions that increase risk for stroke x6

Answer 13

Transient Ischemic Attack
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Heart Disease
Diabetes
Sickle Cell

Question 14

Behaviours that increase risk for stroke

Answer 14

Poor Diet
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Alcohol 
Tobacco

Question 15

Family History Risk of Stroke

Answer 15

Genetic Disorders
Chance of stroke ~ 2x every 10 years after age 55
Women > Men
Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives may be more likely to have a stroke