Cardiovascular Devices part II

Question 1

What are some diseases related to heart valve

Answer 1

• Stenosis (doesnt open properly)

- Regurgitation (doesnt close properly)

Question 2

Two common types of heart valve prosthesis

Answer 2

• Mechanical heart valve

- Biological heart valve

Question 3

What materials mechanical heart valves made of

Answer 3

• Metal alloys or polymers

Question 4

What some simple steps to make biological heart valve

Answer 4

The base of the heart valve is made from some good polymer then the valves inside are made from biological tissue. The tissue need to be crossed link proteins and made to be nonimmunogenic, modify for strength before putting inside the body.

Question 5

What is the most widely used mechanical heart valve

Answer 5

• Bileaflet mechanical heart valve

Question 6

What are some artificial heart valves problems

Answer 6

• Thrombosis formation (mechanical HV)

- Calcification and durability (biological HV)

Question 7

What medicine is suggested for patient with mechanical heart valve

Answer 7

• Anticoagulant

Question 8

Did biological heart valve need anticoagulant

Answer 8

• Not permanent, can be just temporary

Question 9

What is the name of the symptom for irregular heartbeat

Answer 9

Arrhythmia

Question 10

What is the name for slow heartbeat

Answer 10

Bradycardia

Question 11

What is the name for fast heartbeat

Answer 11

Tachycardia

Question 12

What is the name for the symptom if the electrical signal cannot reach the AV note

Answer 12

Heart block

Question 13

Whats the difference between “Heart attack” and “Heart arrest”

Answer 13

Heart attack relevants to the bloodflow, and is not reversible
Heart arrest refers to the electrical signal and is reversible

Question 14

What’s the working mechanism of electrical conduction system

Answer 14

First the SA node (natural pacemaker) sends signal/impulses with a tiny little bit of delay to both atria (left atria and right atria), then the two atria contract at one point in the AV node. With a little bit of hesitation, the signal then continues to travel through the bundle of HIS, down the bundle branches divided into left and right ventricles, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract. The ventricles start to contract first at the bottom (the apex) then to the middle and top to pump blood.

Question 15

What is the natural pacemaker

Answer 15

The SA node on the right atrium

Question 16

What does ECG/EKG stand for

Answer 16

Electrocardiograph

Question 17

How can ECG reflect the events of heart cycle

Answer 17

• There are 10 electronodes placed different positions on the skin to sense the tiny electrical changes caused by the heart and then translates it into a graphic representation.