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BMEN 1300 > Biomaterials > Flashcards

Biomaterials Flashcards

1
Q

What is biomaterial

A

Any substance, OTHER THAN DRUGS, synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used any time, to replace partially or totally ANY tissue, organ or function of the body, in order to MAINTAIN OR IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE of individual.
(Contact lenses, dental filling)

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2
Q

What does the word “Bio” means in Biomaterial

A
  • Bio here means Biocompatible (no harm to the host body, first and foremost step)
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3
Q

What is biomedical materials

A
  • Don’t have intimate contact with the body.

X-ray, MRI

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4
Q

What is biological materials

A
  • Material that are produced by biological compound/organic compounds
    (blood, tissue, proteins)
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5
Q

Biomedical materials branch diagram

A 
Biomedical materials (Implanted materials and non-implanted materials)
- Implanted materials (Synthetic biomaterials and biological materials).
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6
Q

3 classification of biomaterials

A
  • By application
  • By nature
  • By activity
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7
Q

What are the top three biomaterials by APPLICATION?

A
  1. Neurology
  2. Cardiology
  3. Orthopedics
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8
Q

What are the four types of biomedicals BY ACTIVITY

A
  • Bioinert materials
  • Bioactive materials
  • Biodegradeable materials.
  • Smart materials
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9
Q

Bioinert materials characteristics and examples

A
  • 1st generation, 1960s
  • Structural support only, no contact with cell tissues.
  • Replacement of damaged tissue
    ( Ti, stainless steel, Co-Cr, polyethylene (PE)) heart valve, silicone breast implant
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10
Q

Bioactive materials characteristics and examples

A
  • Second generation, 1980s
  • Biological response at interface of the material
  • More effective, less invasive.
    (glass-ceramic, bioglass, dental restoration like filling, coating)
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11
Q

Biodegradable materials characteristics and examples

A
  • Third generation, 1990s
  • slowly dissolve and replaced by tissue
  • Less infectious, toxic or immunological response.
  • Eliminate mechanical fatigue or failure.
    (Lipoatrophy: localized loss of fat tissue, PLLA (poly L- Lactic acid)
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12
Q

Smart materials characteristics and examples

A
  • 4th generation, 21st century.
  • Actively repair and regenerate damaged tissue.
  • Complicated cellular responses.
  • Mimic natural structure and mechanism.
    (tissue-engineered hydrogel)
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13
Q

What is the classification of biomaterials by nature

A
  • Metal
  • Ceramics
  • Polymer
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14
Q

Why metal is most widely used

A
  • Most elements are metal or metal-alike

- Most metals are strong and durable enough for the bones, joints.

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15
Q

What is the disadvantage of metal

A
  • Corrosion (toxins)

- Bacterial infection

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16
Q

Why stainless steel is not transplanted into the body permanently?

A
  • Because it has poor corrosion-resistance.
17
Q

Why Ti (titanium alloys) the best metal ?

A
  • It’s versatile
  • Has high corrosion-resistance than Co-Cr
  • Lightweight
18
Q

What is special about Nitinol

A
  • Has shape memory effect (under hot temp, can still return to its original shape)
  • High biocompatibility
  • Good corrosion-resistance
19
Q

Why Mg a good material for the bones

A
  • Natural present in bones (high biocompatibility)
  • Low young’s modulus (no stress-shielding, no bone loss)
  • Low density to bones (lightweight)
20
Q

What is the limitation of Mg

A
  • It degrades so fast. Coating on surface may help.
21
Q

Characteristics of ceramics

A
  • Strong but brittle
  • Inorganic
  • Corrosion-resistance
  • Wear-resistance
  • Compression-resistance
22
Q

Bioinert ceramics

A
  • Al2O3 and ZrO2
23
Q

Bioactive ceramics

A
  • Osteoconduction (bone cells grow on the surface)
  • Osteointegration (direct contact of bones and surface)
  • Osteoinduction (immature cells grow to become preosteoblasts)
24
Q

Percent of minerals vs matrix in bones

A
  • 1/3 matrix (less bendable)

- 2/3 minerals (CaP) (firmer structure, less flexible)

25
Q

What other substances can be replaced like bones

A
  • HAp (better osteoconduction)

- TCP (better solubility)

26
Q

CaP for bones advantage

A
  • Stimulate osteoblast

- Promote new bone formation.

27
Q

Definition of polymer

A
  • A large molecule composed of many repeated units (monomers)
28
Q

What bond holds polymer together

A
  • Primary covalent bonds

- Besides, H-bond, van der waals.

29
Q

Classification of polymers

A
  • Thermoplastic (linear, branch)
  • Thermoset (cross-link, network)
  • Elastomer (rubber)

BMEN 1300 (11 decks)

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