Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
What are the four chambers
Atrium Left
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
What seperates the right atrium and ventricle
Valve
What is the order for blood around the body
Body -> RA -> RV -> Pulmonary Arteries -> Lungs -> Pulomary Viens -> LA -> LV -> Aorta -> Body -> SVC + IVC
What are the typical structures for an artery (inner to outer)
LILMA
Lumen - Tunica Intima - Elastic Lamina - Tunica Meda - Tunica Adventitia
What are the structures of inner layer arteries
Tunica Intima - inner lining
Single andotherlial layer supported by Connective tissue
1. Endothelium 2. subendotherlium 3. basement membrane
What are the features of the middle layer of the arteries
Middle layer largerly smooth muscle
helps vessels to contract and expand contains elastic fibres that keep the blood flowing in one direction
some artiers have high levels of elastin
What are the features of the outer layer of the arteries
Tunica adventitia supporting connective tissue
delivers oxygen and nutrient to the cells and helps remove waste
gives structure and support to blood vessels
larger arteries have their own blood vessels in this layer
What is the difference between veins and artieres
Artieres go away from the heart
arties have valves to prevent backflow of blood however the vien does not need it as it as cusps valves which act in a similar way
What do calliparies do
exchnage nutients and oxygen through vessels which combine to form viens which come together and form the vena cava
the Tunica media is more round in small artieres due to backflow
What are the three features of the Mediastrium
Right Lung
Left Lung
Diaphgram
How / where is the Mediastinum divided
Superior - by the sternum and the T1 angle
Inferior - Lower Sternum and the T4/5 gap and the diaphragm
What are the three sections of the inferior / Superior mediastinum
what do these contain
Superior - vessels trachea and osephagus
Anterior inferior - thymus and vessels
Middle - heart and peridcaridum
Posterior Inferior - nerves iseogphagus and other vessels
What are the three layers of the pericardium
what are the sub categories
Fibrous - Outer layer , though fibrous thick
Serous partial
Serous Visceral - thin space between contains a thin layer of percardial fluid
How does the development of the serous pericardium occur
the heart sits into the peridcaridal cavity and morphs it to fit around it
like a ballon having something sit on it
What are the features of the Right Atrium
what are there function
Musculi Pectinati - only non smooth muscle close to the occpital
Fossa Ovalis - during embronyic dvelopment when the lungs were not developed to pass blood through the right and left atrium
