Autonomic Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the two sections of the nervous system
what are the two sections of that
what are the sections of one of those

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Cords and Brain (CNS)
Autonomic and Somatic (PNS)
Parasymapethic and sympathetic nervous system (autonomic)

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2
Q

Where is the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System located?

A

PNS - Cranial and Sacral spinal cord (nerves)
SNS - Lumbar and thoracic

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3
Q

What is the afferent sesnory and efferent sesnory ?
examples of these
which direction they travel

A

Afferent is the input ~ skin sensing temperature
Efferent is action ~ causing physiological change
Afferent up to the nervous system
Efferent down to the brain + spinal cord

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4
Q

what is the difference between parasymaethic and symapethic nervous system

A

Parasymapethic allows body to ‘rest and digest’ also restoartive and energy conserving
Sypathetic allows ‘flight or fight’ also useful for ongoing activity

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5
Q

what kind of manner do the sympathetic and parasymapethic divdison work
what does this allow

A

simulateneously in a reciporal and complentary manner maintaining homestsis

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6
Q

What functions do these different organs have on maintenance of homeostatisis:
Skin (how)
Liver / pancreas
Lungs (to control what)
Heart / vasculature (how)
kidneys

A

Skin - thermoregulation (controlling contraction and relaxtion of smooth muscle in the vasculature)
Liver - metabolism of glucose and lipids
Lungs - ventilation to control partial pressures and pH
Heart - blood pressure by contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the vasculature
Kidneys - fluid balance

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7
Q

what are the three parts of homesostatisis for a negative feedback loop

A

Sensor - efferent senses the porblem
Comarator / Intergator - sends right singals (respiratory control centre)
effector - causes the physiological change

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8
Q

what is the anatomy of an ANS
ST CHAD

A

Axon Hillock
Myselin sheath
Axon Terminal
Axon
Dendrite
Cell Body

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9
Q

different functions of the sections of the ANS
Dentries
Myselin Sheath
Axon Terminal

A
  1. Action potential can propgoate down the axon (denrites reach other neuons and relay important information by action potential)
    myselin sheath are more rapid conduction along the length and arrives at the axon terminal
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10
Q

Differences in PNS and SNS for:
Myelinated pre ganglionic fibres (neurons)
Pre ganglionic fibres synapse location
Unmyelinated post ganglionic fibres (Neurons)

A

pre neurons - SNS Short PNS LoNG
SNS in paravertebral or prevetebral gangila
PNS in target tissues or organs
Post - SNS long PNS short

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11
Q

What are the neurotransmitter and receptor for SNS for:
Pre ganglionic neruons
Post ganglionic neurons

A

Pre - acetylcholine and nicotinice acetylcholine receptor
post - acetylcholine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
OR noradreline and a1/a2 or b1/b2adrenrepcetors

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12
Q

What are the neurotransmitter and receptor for PNS for:
Pre ganglionic neruons
Post ganglionic neurons

A

Pre - acetylcholine and nicotoinic acetylcholine receptor
post - acetylcholine and musacrinic acetylcholine receptor

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13
Q

What is the RAPID reonse for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

A

PNS acetylcholine (ACH classic)
SNS adeonsine Tripophate (atp nanc)

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14
Q

What is the Medium response for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

A

PNS Nitroic oxide (NO , NANC)
Noradrenaline (NAclassic)

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15
Q

What is the SLOW reonse for non adrengeric non cholinergic transmission in PNS and SnS

A

PNS Intestinal peptide (VIP NANC)
Nueropeptide Y (NPY NANC)

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16
Q

Steps of eletrical stimulation of postganaluonic parasymapethic fibres to vessel graphs against teeth of vascular smooth muscle

A
  1. ACh and NO produce a rapid relaxation
  2. Vaoactive intestinal peptide can produce a slow delayed reponse
17
Q

Steps of eletrical stimulation of postganaluonic symapethic fibres to vessel graphs against teeth of vascular smooth muscle

A
  1. ATP produces a fast contraction of the smooth muscle
    Noradrenaline produce a moderanlty fast response
    Neuropeptide Y produce a slow reponse
18
Q

What is Acetylcholine

A

Is the endogenous agonist of cholinoceptors that are nicotinic or muscarinic

19
Q

Where are nAChR and mAChR loacted and what kind of receptors are they

A

nAChR present in ganglia and ligand gated ion channels
mAChR present in effector cells and g protein coupled receptors

20
Q

What are endogenous agonists

A

a family of adrenoceptors that are all G protein coupled receptors

21
Q

How are endogenous agonists classified
what is the rank for a adrenocpetors and b adrenoceptors

A

on the basis of rank order of potency of agonists
a arenoceptors : noradrenaline > adrenaline > isoprealine
b adrenoreceptor : isoerlaine > adrenaline > noradrenaline