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Quiz bank > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

During inspiration the lowest BP in supine position is?

A

Vena cava

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2
Q

LaPlace’s Law

A

relates the tension, radius of vessel and intraluminal pressure achieved in a blood vessel wall

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3
Q

Lung is first location where blood is present in case of left ventricular heart failure

A

Blood leaves the lung and reaches the left ventricle of the heart through pulmonary vein. In case of left ventricular failure the tendency is accumulation of blood in the lung due to blockage of blood circulation from lung through the heart

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4
Q

What kind of arrhythmia can be caused by an increase in temperature?

A

Paroxysmal arrhythmia is characterized by sudden recurrence or intensification of arrhythmias that may be caused by an increase in temperature.

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5
Q

How does these drugs affect Warfarin?

Ibuprofen, Acetazolamide, ASA and Vit K

A

IBU inh. the enzymatic metabolism of W
Acetozalamide and ASA inc. W act.
Vit K inh. act. of W

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6
Q

Glycosides are widely used in the treatment of CHF, glycosides molecular structure consist of steroidal nucleon and? Polypeptides, sugar, carbs, proteins or hormones

A

Digoxin is a classic example of cardiac glycosides that consist of sugar and steroidal nucleon.

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7
Q

First then following tissues/organs that receive the greatest cardiac output at rest are?

A

Liver then kidney then lung

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8
Q

Ancrod what drug agent derived from?

-depletes fibrinogen, thrombin like serine protease, alternative to heparin

A

antithrombolitic agent. It is derivated from snake venom, Malayan pit viper.

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9
Q 
Digitalis is NOT used in the tx of:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
D. Arrhythmias
E. Venous congestion
A

MI. Digitalis are mainly used in the treatment of all degrees of congestive heart failure and some kind of arrhythmias as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter.

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10
Q

VLDL are formed where?
LDL- formed from? and carry LDL cholesterol that is the “bad cholesterol”
III- HDL-High Density Lipoproteins are formed in the liver and small intestine. They carry HDL cholesterol that is the “good cholesterol

A

VLDL formed from liver, good cholesterol

LDL from VLDL bad cholesterol

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11
Q

Niacin drug class and mechanism of action?

A

lipoprotein synthesis inhibitor is characterized by:

Dec. prod. rate of VLDL that synthesizes LDL

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12
Q 
Digoxin may be used in dysrhythmias, however CANNOT be used in one specific type of dysrhythmias that is:
A. Atrial tachycardia
B. Ventricular tachycardia
C. Paroxysmal tachycardia
D. Atrial fibrillation
E. Flutter
A

B.

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13
Q

Diuretic with what chemical structure is used in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by lithium?

A

Amiloride- pteridine and pyrazine hererocycles rings

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14
Q

First line treatment in mild to moderate CFH-Congestive Heart failure include ACEi and?

A

Cardiac glycoside that inhibit Na/K (Na pump) exchange and a vasodilator as ACE inhibitors that inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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15
Q

is a direct vasodilator used in cardiac emergences. It is metabolism has what chemical as end product.

A

Nitroprusside

Cyanide

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16
Q

Nitrates act directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle by transformation of what compound causing what pharmacologic effect?

A

nitric oxide causing a peripheral pooling of blood

17
Q

Why blood tests are required to pts taking statins?

Combined with other drugs?

A

Statins may inc. blood transaminase (ALT and AST) and creatinine kinase (CK-MM) activates assoc. with myopathy, especially combined with Fibrates or Cyclosporine

18
Q

Which of the drug can be given in the mild to moderate hypertension with CHF?

A

BB

19
Q

Diazoxide drug tx for?

A

Potassium channel blocker, treats low blood pressure and ALSO causes gradual decline in BP, can be used for HTN crisis like Na Nitroprusside

20
Q

DOC for NSTEMI, STEMI and stable angina

For transient ischemic attack

A

N: anticoagulants
S: Alteplase
Stable: BB
-TIA: ASA 80-325mg

21
Q
  • NOT used for antiplatelets action?

- antiplatelets drug is used for prophylactic for angina pectoris?

A
  • Acetaminophen

- Dipyridamole

22
Q

Stroke symptoms

A

Headache, dizziness, blurred vision, confusion, incoherent speech

23
Q

In CHF patient unable to tolerate ACEI. Doctors recommend isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and hydralazine combination. Give each tx effect.

A

ISDN have properties of venous dilating (preload)

Hydralazine has arterial dilating effect (after load)

24
Q

Digoxin CI in?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias

ok for atrial arrhythmias

25
Q

Which of the following is NOT a monitoring for patient using amiodarone? Explain for each choice.
A) liver function tests B) eye exam C)chest x-ray D) complete blood count E) serum TSH

A

amiodarone monitored serum TSH to check hypo or hyperthyroidism symptoms. Eye exam is done to check corneal deposits. Chest X-ray is used to check pulmonary toxicities like pneumonitis. No hematological side effects of amiodarone thus no CBC monitoring required.

26
Q

Common SE of Amiodarone and Hydrochloroquine

A

Retinopathy

27
Q

Atrial fibrillation and flutter is risk factor for? What type of ____cardia are these?
I) Transient ischemic attack II) stroke III)coronary artery disease
A) I only B) III only C) I and II D) II and III E) I,II,III

A

C

Supra ventricular tachycardia

28
Q

Drugs that gives Torse de Pointes marked QT prolongation type VT

A

amiodarone, disopyrmide, dofetilide, ibutilide, procainamide, quinidine, sotolol. antibiotics (erythro, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) indapamide, paroxetine, sumatriptan, fluoxetine

29
Q

Common side effects of amiodarone are

A

4P’s (Pigmentation, pneumonitis, pulmonary, photosensitivity)

30
Q

Drugs and diseases that can lead to QT prolongation.

A

Phenothiazines , haloperidol, Class III antiarrhythmic drugs and patients with renal failure

31
Q

Atrial fibrillation. Which of wave appears frequently?
A) P wave B) QRS wave C) QT wave
D) T wave E) U wave

A

A

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