Antibiotics

Question 1

Drugs used in the treatment of meningitis

Answer 1

Streptomycin is not used in the treatment of meningitis. The main treatment of bacterial meningitis may include penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin while viral meningitis is mainly treated by acyclovir IV.

Question 2

Main drug in prophylaxis of malaria?

Answer 2

Chloroquine

Question 3

Metronidazole acts as what MOA

Answer 3

Metronidazole is antiprotozoa drug acting by breakage of cell DNA.

Question 4

Meningococcal encephalitis can be best treated by?

Answer 4

Meningococcal encephalitis is a type of septic meningitis that normally is best treated by penicillins, having Ceftriaxone and vancomycin as alternative treatment.

Question 5

Why Aminoglycosides, inhibitors of pro. syn., having its therapeutic use should be closely monitored to avoid serious side effect?

Answer 5

Charac. for having a very small therapeutic window and for having the relation plasma concentration and half-life not clear

Question 6

Gray Babies syndrome occurs in premature and new born infants when choraphenicol is administrated during the first few days of life. Explain.

Answer 6

It happens due to inability of the infant to metabolize the drug because of glucoronyl transferase deficiency that is essential to detoxify cloraphenicol.

Question 7

Pellagra deficiency and symptoms

Answer 7

niacin deficiency and/or failure of body to convert tryptophan to niacin. It is mainly charac. by dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.

Question 8

recommended regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea
Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin

Answer 8

Cefixime 400mg orally as single dose, ceftriaxone 125mg IM as single dose
ciprofloxacin 500mg orally as single dose

Question 9

Best treats Nosocomial infections?

Answer 9

3rd gen. Cephalosporins

Question 10

Example of drug(s) used to treat pneumonia include:
I) Ampicilin combined with aminoglycosides
II) Chlaritromycin
III) Levofloxacin
a) I only
b) III only
c) I and II only
d) II and III only
e) All are correct

Answer 10

The treatment of pneumonia is based on the agent causative. Bacteria pneumonia is mainly treated by the currently used of amoxacillin with aminoglycosides or clarithromycin or levofloxacin.

Question 11

Otite extern, an ear infection may be best is best treated by what antibiotics?

Answer 11

Otite externa also known as swimmer’s ear is mainly caused by pseudomonas, staphylococcus or enterobacterias and may be treated by garamycin or gentamycin eardrops.

Question 12

Otite media is an ear infection normally caused by what and may be the best treated by what antibiotics?

Answer 12

Otite media may be caused by caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M. cataharlis, and may be treated by amoxacillin clavulanated.

Question 13

UTI 1st line?

Answer 13

First line treatment of UTI associated with E.coli infected agent is mainly treated by sulphametoxazole and trimetroprim.

Question 14

Which of the following agents would be used in the treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori as combination therapy?

a) Penicillin, amoxacillin, ampicillin and metronidazole
b) Chlaritromycin, amoxacillin, omeprazole and metronidazole
c) Chlaritromycin, azithromycin and lansoprazole
d) Ceftriaxone and metronidazole only
e) Combinations of antibiotic should not be used due to resistance.

Answer 14

Helicobacter pylori is a GI infection associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer that may be treated by the “triple therapy” that involves amoxacillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole with or without metronidazole.

Question 15

For Colitis assoc. with antibiotic best drug tx?

Answer 15

Vancomycin

Question 16

Antibiotics that often cause colitis-acute inflammation of colon as side effect include?

Answer 16

Broad spec Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin

Question 17

Drug used together with chloroquine in the treatment of malaria with the purpose to kill persistants what parasites in the liver of a person infected?

Answer 17

Chloroquine with Primaquine

Plasmodium vivax

Question 18

Patient is resistant to chloroquine and need to be treated for malaria. Which of the following drugs or combination should be more appropriate for this patient?

Answer 18

Quinine and Doxy

Mefloquine

Question 19

Drugs derivated from synthetic substances that can kill bacteria is normally called? Explain

Answer 19

Bacteriocidal antimicrobial
Bactericidal drugs have the capacity to completely kill the bacteria and antimicrobial are drugs derivated from synthetic substances that can kill or inhibit bacterial growth.

Question 20

Antiviral drugs are classified based on?

Answer 20

RNA, DNA and protease inhibitors

Question 21

Group penicillin spectrum on the ff:

Amoxi, Naf, Oxa, Methi and Carbenicillin

Answer 21

Amoxi- wide spectrum
Carbenicillin- extended spectrum
Others are narrow

Question 22

Which of the following is one of the most common side effects of vancomycin? a) Ototoxicity

b) Dissulfiran like side effect
c) Diarrhea
d) Weight gain
e) Hallucinations

Answer 22

Side effects of vancomycin may include ototoxicity, phlebitis, chills and fever.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a side effect of tetracycline?

a) Alteration in gut flora
b) Dissulfiran like reactions
c) Teeth permanent discoloration
d) Fanconi like syndrome
e) Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 23

B. Disulfiram side effects are characterized by skin rashes, headache, acne, drowsiness, tiredness, impotence and metallic or garlic taste in the mouth therefore is not a side effect of tetracyclines.

Question 24

Tuberculosis drugs Isoniazide, Rifampin and Ethambutol, drug tx and combinations.

Answer 24

Iso is the single most imp. drug for TB
Rifampin normally used in comb. with Iso.
Ethambutol is only used in TB treatment given in comb. with Iso.

Question 25

• antimycobacterium DOC for leprosy
• antihelmintic DOC for schistosomiase
• polyene antifungal prototype

Answer 25

• Dapsone
• Praziquantel
• Amphotericin B

Question 26

INH MOA and garvest SE

Answer 26

Isoniazide act by inhibiting mycolic acids that are unique for mycobacterium
-Hepatitis

Question 27

Bacterial resistance to an antibiotic may occur due to?

Answer 27

mutation, adaptation and/or gene transfer.

Question 28

Broad-spectrum antibiotic that may cause hematological disorders as side effect, give drug and SE example

Answer 28

Chloramphenicol- severe impairment of bone marrow

Question 29

Clindamycin is derived from what and type of antibiotic

Answer 29

Streptomyces lincolnesis

Lincosamide antibiotic

Question 30

Penicillins SEs

Nafc, Oxa, Methi and Ampi

Answer 30

Naficillin- Neutropenia
Oxa- Hepatits
Methi-Interstitial nephritis
Ampi- Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 31

What antibacterial drug increases risk of serotonin syndrome?
-What drug for marcaptopurine and AZA toxicity?

Answer 31

• Linezolid

- Allopurinol

Question 32

What bacteria is Aminoglycosides active against?

Answer 32

Aerobic gram negative bacteria

Question 33

For Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) give 1st line drug tx for out and inpatients.

Answer 33

Out: Amoxi, AmoxiClav, Doxy
In: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime

Question 34

From the ff skin conditions, which requires 1st line systemic antibiotic tx and which is for surgery intervention?
Erysipelas, Abscess, Impetigo, Folliculitis, Cellulitis

Answer 34

• Cellulitis

- Abscess

Question 35

Becterial cells grown in a medium exposed to high osmotic pressure, changes shape from?

Answer 35

From red-shaped to spherical shape.

Question 36

Gram -ve enteric bacteria that produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) is best treated by what drug that is structurally related to what?

Answer 36

Carbapenems, struc. rel. to penicillins

known for its pseudomonal activity