Antibiotics Flashcards
Drugs used in the treatment of meningitis
Streptomycin is not used in the treatment of meningitis. The main treatment of bacterial meningitis may include penicillins, cephalosporins and vancomycin while viral meningitis is mainly treated by acyclovir IV.
Main drug in prophylaxis of malaria?
Chloroquine
Metronidazole acts as what MOA
Metronidazole is antiprotozoa drug acting by breakage of cell DNA.
Meningococcal encephalitis can be best treated by?
Meningococcal encephalitis is a type of septic meningitis that normally is best treated by penicillins, having Ceftriaxone and vancomycin as alternative treatment.
Why Aminoglycosides, inhibitors of pro. syn., having its therapeutic use should be closely monitored to avoid serious side effect?
Charac. for having a very small therapeutic window and for having the relation plasma concentration and half-life not clear
Gray Babies syndrome occurs in premature and new born infants when choraphenicol is administrated during the first few days of life. Explain.
It happens due to inability of the infant to metabolize the drug because of glucoronyl transferase deficiency that is essential to detoxify cloraphenicol.
Pellagra deficiency and symptoms
niacin deficiency and/or failure of body to convert tryptophan to niacin. It is mainly charac. by dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.
recommended regimens for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea
Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin
Cefixime 400mg orally as single dose, ceftriaxone 125mg IM as single dose
ciprofloxacin 500mg orally as single dose
Best treats Nosocomial infections?
3rd gen. Cephalosporins
Example of drug(s) used to treat pneumonia include: I) Ampicilin combined with aminoglycosides II) Chlaritromycin III) Levofloxacin a) I only b) III only c) I and II only d) II and III only e) All are correct
The treatment of pneumonia is based on the agent causative. Bacteria pneumonia is mainly treated by the currently used of amoxacillin with aminoglycosides or clarithromycin or levofloxacin.
Otite extern, an ear infection may be best is best treated by what antibiotics?
Otite externa also known as swimmer’s ear is mainly caused by pseudomonas, staphylococcus or enterobacterias and may be treated by garamycin or gentamycin eardrops.
Otite media is an ear infection normally caused by what and may be the best treated by what antibiotics?
Otite media may be caused by caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M. cataharlis, and may be treated by amoxacillin clavulanated.
UTI 1st line?
First line treatment of UTI associated with E.coli infected agent is mainly treated by sulphametoxazole and trimetroprim.
Which of the following agents would be used in the treatment of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori as combination therapy?
a) Penicillin, amoxacillin, ampicillin and metronidazole
b) Chlaritromycin, amoxacillin, omeprazole and metronidazole
c) Chlaritromycin, azithromycin and lansoprazole
d) Ceftriaxone and metronidazole only
e) Combinations of antibiotic should not be used due to resistance.
Helicobacter pylori is a GI infection associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer that may be treated by the “triple therapy” that involves amoxacillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole with or without metronidazole.
For Colitis assoc. with antibiotic best drug tx?
Vancomycin
Antibiotics that often cause colitis-acute inflammation of colon as side effect include?
Broad spec Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Drug used together with chloroquine in the treatment of malaria with the purpose to kill persistants what parasites in the liver of a person infected?
Chloroquine with Primaquine
Plasmodium vivax
Patient is resistant to chloroquine and need to be treated for malaria. Which of the following drugs or combination should be more appropriate for this patient?
Quinine and Doxy
Mefloquine
Drugs derivated from synthetic substances that can kill bacteria is normally called? Explain
Bacteriocidal antimicrobial
Bactericidal drugs have the capacity to completely kill the bacteria and antimicrobial are drugs derivated from synthetic substances that can kill or inhibit bacterial growth.
Antiviral drugs are classified based on?
RNA, DNA and protease inhibitors
Group penicillin spectrum on the ff:
Amoxi, Naf, Oxa, Methi and Carbenicillin
Amoxi- wide spectrum
Carbenicillin- extended spectrum
Others are narrow
Which of the following is one of the most common side effects of vancomycin? a) Ototoxicity
b) Dissulfiran like side effect
c) Diarrhea
d) Weight gain
e) Hallucinations
Side effects of vancomycin may include ototoxicity, phlebitis, chills and fever.
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of tetracycline?
a) Alteration in gut flora
b) Dissulfiran like reactions
c) Teeth permanent discoloration
d) Fanconi like syndrome
e) Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
B. Disulfiram side effects are characterized by skin rashes, headache, acne, drowsiness, tiredness, impotence and metallic or garlic taste in the mouth therefore is not a side effect of tetracyclines.
Tuberculosis drugs Isoniazide, Rifampin and Ethambutol, drug tx and combinations.
Iso is the single most imp. drug for TB
Rifampin normally used in comb. with Iso.
Ethambutol is only used in TB treatment given in comb. with Iso.
