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Quiz bank > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Prevents hypercalcemia by inhibiting the transport of Ca into extra cellular fluid and by increasing the renal clearance of calcium

A

Calcitonin

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2
Q

Allopurinol, Indomethacin and Sulphinpyrazone MOA as antihyperuricemia agents.

A

A-xanthine oxidase inhibitor
I- NSAID
S- Uricosuric agents are used in gout treatment by inhibiting the uric acid re-absorption in the proximal tubules

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3
Q

The level of which drug should be adjusted during treatment with allopurinol: Anticoagulants

A

Allopurinol may inhibit enzymatic metabolism of anticoagulants, leading to potentiation of the anticoagulant effect.

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4
Q

The level of which drug should be adjusted during treatment with allopurinol:
Mercapturic acid

A

Mercapturic acid dosage should be reduced with concomitant use with allopurinol because it induced inhibition of xanthine oxidase decreasing metabolism of mercapturic acid and potentiating therapeutic and toxic effects.

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5
Q

The level of which drug should be adjusted during treatment with allopurinol: Theophylline

A

Allopurinol decrease theophyllin clearance resulting in increased serum theophyllin concentrations

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6
Q

In treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, this only provides analgesic effect. Which drug and how?

A

Salicylates- reducing prostaglandin synthesis.

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7
Q

Explain how Antacids interact with vitamin D in many ways: Magnesium and Aluminum

A

Mg- may lead to hypermagnesemia

Al- have its levels increased leading to aluminum bone toxicity when currently used with vitamin D.

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8
Q

Colchicines, a widely used drug in gout treatment, can give false results of:

A

Colchicine may cause false-positive test results of red blood cells-RBC and hemoglobin in urine. It may also cause decrease in platelet count.
Having two of its SEs: hematuria and agranulocytosis

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9
Q

The use of indomethacin in gout treatment?

A

Potent NSAID that inhibits the acute gout arthritis inflammation by inhibition of prostaglandin formation and inhibition of crystals phagocytes by macrophages

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10
Q

Allopurinol is a derivative of what? And MOA

A

Allopurinol is a purine derivative working as xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor responsible for the conversion of 6-mercaptopurine to uric acid.

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11
Q

How do the drugs control the inflammatory response in gout disease?

A

Inhibition of leukocytes, macrophages and leukotrienes migration to the affected joint

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12
Q

How do the drugs for gout increase the renal clearance of uric acid?

A

By inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid by the kidney

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13
Q

How do the drugs for gout reduce the conversion of purine to UA?

A

Reduce the conversion of 6-mercaptopurine to uric acid by inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase

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14
Q

Main side effects of allopurinol therapy include:

A

Steven-Johnson’s hypersensitivity rashes reactions, gastro-intestinal intolerance, peripheral neuritis and necrotizing vasculitis

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15
Q

Which is the correct start dose of methothrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?

a) 7.5 mg once a week
b) 15 mg once a week
c) 7.5 mg daily
d) 15 mg daily
e) 25 mg once a week

A

B

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16
Q

Best choice of treatment for an asthma patient with RA who is considered to have aspirin sensitivity?
Explain

A

Gold therapy would be the best choice for this particular patient because the other drugs may have cross-sensitivity with aspirin and/or induce brochospasm.

17
Q

Azathioprine and allopurinol drug interactions are due to?

A

Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase

Azathioprine is metabolized to mercaptopurine by xanthine oxidase

18
Q

These two components in bone are responsible for the hardness and pliability of bone

A

Mineralized salts and Collagen

19
Q

A fracture in the shaft of a long bone would be a break in the

A

Diaphysis

20
Q

Osteoclast are bone cells cause?

A

Bone resorption or bone cell death

21
Q

Chrondroblast produce?

A

Cartilage matrix

22
Q

Risk factors of osteoporosis? and NOT.

A

Post menopause, gender, family history, race, inadequate Ca and Vit. D and estrogen deficiency
NOT: obesity and overweight

23
Q

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone matrix once it has formed is?
When bine remodeling occurs, which is present?

A

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

24
Q

Soft connective tissue membranes between the cranial bones at birth are?

A

Fontanelles

25
Q

Endochondral and intramembranous are two mechanisms of?

A

Embryonic skeletal ossification

26
Q

The two pairs of bones that make up the hard palate are the right and left

A

Palatine and maxillae

27
Q

The two bones that make up the posterior nasal septum are the

A

Vomer and ethmoid

28
Q

Alendronate is what type of Biphosphonate?

A

Pyrophosphates

29
Q

Give the risks and which of the following is least likely risk factor for osteoporosis?

A

Inadequate vitamin D and Ca supplement intake, Age, family history of osteoporosis, Prednisone therapy for over 3 months
alcohol intake -LEAST

30
Q 
What is the most likely risk for osteoporosis? A) smoking
B) alcohol
C) coffee
D) tea
E) none
A

C

31
Q

Calcium supplement in elderly?

A

Calcium citrate

32
Q

Drugs thats causes osteoporosis?

A

Corticosteroids, Prednisone, Levothyroxine, Phenytoin, Heparin (long term and Al-antacid

33
Q

Max daily dose of Acetaminophen that causes hepatotoxicity?

Max daily dose for to treat osteoarthritis?

A
  • 7g/daily

- 4g/daily

34
Q

Drugs that increases uric acid excretion and what are they referred to as?

A
  • Probenecid and Sulfinpurazone are uricosuric agents
  • Allopurinol inhibits UA formation
  • Colchicine inhibits mitotic tubules, gives antiinflamm axn
35
Q

Acetaminophen toxicity initial symptoms in children?

What is the common side effect of acetaminophen?

A
  • Vomiting

- Rash

36
Q

Anabolic agent that increases cortical thickness and bone size

A

Teriparatide

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