Cardiovascular Flashcards
Three things about general appearance?
Unwell? Breathless/cyanosed? Distressed?
SUMMARISE what you are looking for in the hands?
Tobacco staining, peripheral cyanosis, feel temperature, clubbing, splinter haemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Osler’s nodes, xanthomata, petechiae.
Cardiovascular causes of clubbing?
CEAAI = cyanotic congenital heart, endocarditis, atrial myoxma, aneurysms, infected grafts.
Causes of splinter haemorrhages
Infective endocarditis or some vasculitic disorders
Where are Janeway lesions?
Palms
What are Janeway lesions?
Painless red spots which blanch on pressure - primarily on thenar/hypothenar eminences.
Causes of Janeway lesions?
Infective endocarditis
What are Osler’s nodes?
Painful raised erthymatous lesions
Causes of Osler’s nodes?
Infective endocarditis
Causes of xanthomata?
Lipid deposition
Nice phrase to use in OSCE R.E. hands??
There was no peripheral stigmata of infective endocarditis.
SUMMARISE What are you looking for in face and eyes?
Central cyanosis, angular stomatitis, xanthelasmata, corneal arcus, petechial haemorrhage, fundoscopy.
Where would you look for central cyanosis?
Mouth
Causes of central cyanosis?
Heart failure, congenital heart disease
Cause of angular stomatits?
Anaemia
Where is xanthelasmata? What is the cause?
Eyelids - hyperlipidaemia (soft yellowish plaques)
Where is corneal arcus? What is the cause?
The iris - Hyperlipidaemia
Where would you look for petechial haemorrhage?
Conjunctivae
What are you looking for in the pulse?
Rate, rhythm, volume and character
How would you record individual pulses?
Normal, reduced, absent or aneurysmal
Which pulses would you primarily take in a CV exam?
Radial and carotid