Cardiovascular Flashcards
What should you be aware of with aspirin?
- Irreversibly inhibits platelet aggregation (lasts about a week)
- Risk of bleeding after surgery
What should you be aware of with clopidogrel?
Irreversible
More effective than aspirin
Therefore higher bleeding risk
Ticagrelor
Reversible inhibitor
What should you keep in mind with warfarin?
- Extremely variable response
- Effect measured with INR (should be 2-3 therapeutic range)
- Effect of dosage change doesn’t change effect until 2-3 days
- Potential for drug interactions
What are some new direct oral anticoagulants?
- Apixaban, Dabigatran, Rivaroxin
- Require a single stable dose (don’t need to adjust for INR or monitor for effect, etc.)
- If patient different to norm, can not measure effect
- Fewer drug interactions
- No food interactions
What are the symptoms of angina?
- chest pain/tightness/pressure
- Radiate
What are the side effects of beta-blockers?
- Bronchoconstriction
- Bradycardia
- Masking of hypoglycaemia
- Drug interactions with adrenaline–>less effect
- Do not stop suddenly
What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
- headache
- tachycardia
- rarely gingival hyperplasia
What are the adverse effects of statins?
-React with antibiotics that block hepatic metabolism to cause toxicity (clarithromycin, erythromycin)
What name do ACEI’s have?
end in -pril
What is the biggest side effect of diuretics?
-Increased risk of postural hypotension
Why are patients more likely to have acute heart failure in dental chair?
- Supine position redistributes fluid to lungs
- More likely to skip meds to avoid going to toilet
- Anxiety
- Med Interaction with NSAID
What should you consider with spironolactone?
- It is an aldosterone receptor antagonist
- NSAID increase risk of hyperkalemia, renal failure, fluid accumulation
