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STEP1 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Causes of AFib

A 
Pulmonary (PE,COPD)
I itraogenic
R rheumatic fever
A arthresclorisss (MI, CAD)
T  HyperThyroid
E endocarditis
S serum sickness
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2
Q

Virchow Triad

A

VenoStasis
HyperCoagulable State
Endothelial Cell Damage

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3
Q

Subacute Endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans

with previously damage valve

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4
Q

Acute Endocarditis

A

Staph Aureus with normal healthy valve
IV Drug Users
TRICUSPID VALVE

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5
Q

Endocarditis

A

Bacteria FROM JANE
Fever, Roth Spots, Osler Nodes, Murmur

Janeway Lesions, Anemia, Nail-bed hemorrhage,Emboli

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6
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A 
J joints
O Heart (Pancarditis)
N nodules
E erythema marginatum
S sydenham chorea
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7
Q

Noninfectious Endocarditis

A

Hypercoagulable State

Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Libman-Sacks

A

Lupus

vegetations on both surfaces

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9
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

ABCCCDP

alcohol, beriberi, cocaine, coxsackie a/b, chaga disease, Doxorubicin, pregnancy

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10
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

SV/EDV

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11
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Normal EF
Obstruction of Flow out of Ventricle
Systolic Murmur/Diastolic Dsfunction
Sudden Death in Athletes

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12
Q

Restrictive/obliterative Cardiomyopathy

A

Sarcoidosis, Amyloidoiss, endocardial fibroelastosis, Loffler’s Syndrome

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13
Q

Increased/Wide Pulse Pressure

A

Aortic Regurg
AV Fistula
Patent Ductus Artersiosis

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14
Q

Decreased/Narrow Pulse Pressure

A

Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Stenosis

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15
Q

MAP

A

CO x TPR

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16
Q

Right to Left Shunts

A 
5t
Tetralogy
Transpostion
Tuncus
Tricuspid
TAPVR
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17
Q

Left to Right Shunt

A

VSD>ASD>PDA

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18
Q

S3 Sound

A

Rapid Ventricular Filling

Mitral Regurg, CHF

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19
Q

Stroke Volume

A

SV CAP
contractility
afterload
preload

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20
Q

No P waves

A

Atrial Fib

irregular irregular

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21
Q

Sawtooth ekg

A

Atrial Flutter

reentry

22
Q

P waves not before QRS

A

third degree
Complete Block
Sa and Av node are independent

23
Q

AV block

A

1st - prolong PR
2nd type 1 - increasing Pr drop beat
2nd type 2 - drop beats no increase pr

24
Q

no identifiable waves

A

v. fib

25
Q

Holosystolic Murmur

A

Constant durring systole
Mitral/tricuspid regurg
VSD

26
Q

Aortic Regurg

A

WIlde Pulse Pressure
Blowing murmur
head bobbing, bounding pulses

27
Q

PDA murmur

A

continous machine like

28
Q

Aortic Stenosis

A

Radiates to Carotids

weak pulses

29
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

Coarctation of the aorta infant type

Bicuspid aortic valve

30
Q

Down Syndrome

A

ASD
ostium primum type
VSD
av septal defect

31
Q

Aschoff Bodies

A

Rheumatic Fever

histiocytes with slender wavy nuclei

32
Q

22q11

A

truncus arteriosus

tetralogy of fallout

33
Q

marfan

A

MVP
thoracic aortic aneurysm
dissection
aortic regurg

34
Q

infant of diabetic mother

A

transposition of great vessels

35
Q

0-4hr

A

no gros/microscope change
arrhytmia
cardiogenic shock
death

36
Q

4-12hr

A 
coagulative necrosis
arrhytmia
hf
cardiogenic shock
death
37
Q

12-24hr

A

nuetrophil migration
arrhythmia
hf
cardiogenic shock

38
Q

1-3 days

A

acute inflammation with neutrophils

fibrinous pericarditis

39
Q

3-14 days

A 
macrophages then granulation tissue
free wall rupture - tamponade
papillary muslce rupture - mitral regurg
interventricular septal rupture
mural thrombus
40
Q

2 weeks to months

A

contracted scar (white scar)
dresller syndrome
ventricular aneurysm

41
Q

LAD

A

v1-v4 - anterior wall
v1-v2 - anteroseptal
v4-v6 - anterolateral

42
Q

RCA

A

inferior wall
posterior wall
papillary muscles - mitral valve
2,3, avF

43
Q

LCX

A

lateral wall 1, aVL

44
Q

Heart enzymes

A

Troponin 1 - 4hours last 7-10days

Ck-MB - goes back to normal in 48 hours - reinfarction

45
Q

Pulsus Paradoxus

A

cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, perricarditis, croup

46
Q

Coronary Steal Syndrome

A

Stress Stess
Adenosine and dipyridamole dilate coronary blood vessels
shunt blood away from ischemic heart - Angina

47
Q

Wilde Pulse Pressure and Head Bobbing

A

Aortic Regurg

48
Q

Straw Berry vs Cherry Hemangioma

A

strawberry fields - kids play in fields
Strawberry - infants rapid growth then regresses
Cherry - elderly does not regress

49
Q

Young Liver Synthesizes Blood

A

Yolk Sac
LIver
Spleen
Bone Marrow

50
Q

Juglar Venous Pressure

A

Think right atrial pressure
A - atrial contraction
C - ventricle contraction
X - relaxation of atria

V - filling of atria
Y - blood from atria goes to ventricle

STEP1 (21 decks)

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