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STEP1 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Causes of AFib

A 
Pulmonary (PE,COPD)
I itraogenic
R rheumatic fever
A arthresclorisss (MI, CAD)
T  HyperThyroid
E endocarditis
S serum sickness
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2
Q

Virchow Triad

A

VenoStasis
HyperCoagulable State
Endothelial Cell Damage

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3
Q

Subacute Endocarditis

A

Strep Viridans

with previously damage valve

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4
Q

Acute Endocarditis

A

Staph Aureus with normal healthy valve
IV Drug Users
TRICUSPID VALVE

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5
Q

Endocarditis

A

Bacteria FROM JANE
Fever, Roth Spots, Osler Nodes, Murmur

Janeway Lesions, Anemia, Nail-bed hemorrhage,Emboli

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6
Q

Rheumatic Fever

A 
J joints
O Heart (Pancarditis)
N nodules
E erythema marginatum
S sydenham chorea
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7
Q

Noninfectious Endocarditis

A

Hypercoagulable State

Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Libman-Sacks

A

Lupus

vegetations on both surfaces

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9
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

ABCCCDP

alcohol, beriberi, cocaine, coxsackie a/b, chaga disease, Doxorubicin, pregnancy

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10
Q

Ejection Fraction

A

SV/EDV

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11
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A

Normal EF
Obstruction of Flow out of Ventricle
Systolic Murmur/Diastolic Dsfunction
Sudden Death in Athletes

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12
Q

Restrictive/obliterative Cardiomyopathy

A

Sarcoidosis, Amyloidoiss, endocardial fibroelastosis, Loffler’s Syndrome

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13
Q

Increased/Wide Pulse Pressure

A

Aortic Regurg
AV Fistula
Patent Ductus Artersiosis

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14
Q

Decreased/Narrow Pulse Pressure

A

Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Stenosis

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15
Q

MAP

A

CO x TPR

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16
Q

Right to Left Shunts

A 
5t
Tetralogy
Transpostion
Tuncus
Tricuspid
TAPVR
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17
Q

Left to Right Shunt

A

VSD>ASD>PDA

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18
Q

S3 Sound

A

Rapid Ventricular Filling

Mitral Regurg, CHF

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19
Q

Stroke Volume

A

SV CAP
contractility
afterload
preload

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20
Q

No P waves

A

Atrial Fib

irregular irregular

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21
Q

Sawtooth ekg

A

Atrial Flutter

reentry

22
Q

P waves not before QRS

A

third degree
Complete Block
Sa and Av node are independent

23
Q

AV block

A

1st - prolong PR
2nd type 1 - increasing Pr drop beat
2nd type 2 - drop beats no increase pr

24
Q

no identifiable waves

25
Holosystolic Murmur
Constant durring systole Mitral/tricuspid regurg VSD
26
Aortic Regurg
WIlde Pulse Pressure Blowing murmur head bobbing, bounding pulses
27
PDA murmur
continous machine like
28
Aortic Stenosis
Radiates to Carotids | weak pulses
29
Turner Syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta infant type | Bicuspid aortic valve
30
Down Syndrome
ASD ostium primum type VSD av septal defect
31
Aschoff Bodies
Rheumatic Fever | histiocytes with slender wavy nuclei
32
22q11
truncus arteriosus | tetralogy of fallout
33
marfan
MVP thoracic aortic aneurysm dissection aortic regurg
34
infant of diabetic mother
transposition of great vessels
35
0-4hr
no gros/microscope change arrhytmia cardiogenic shock death
36
4-12hr
``` coagulative necrosis arrhytmia hf cardiogenic shock death ```
37
12-24hr
nuetrophil migration arrhythmia hf cardiogenic shock
38
1-3 days
acute inflammation with neutrophils | fibrinous pericarditis
39
3-14 days
``` macrophages then granulation tissue free wall rupture - tamponade papillary muslce rupture - mitral regurg interventricular septal rupture mural thrombus ```
40
2 weeks to months
contracted scar (white scar) dresller syndrome ventricular aneurysm
41
LAD
v1-v4 - anterior wall v1-v2 - anteroseptal v4-v6 - anterolateral
42
RCA
inferior wall posterior wall papillary muscles - mitral valve 2,3, avF
43
LCX
lateral wall 1, aVL
44
Heart enzymes
Troponin 1 - 4hours last 7-10days | Ck-MB - goes back to normal in 48 hours - reinfarction
45
Pulsus Paradoxus
cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, perricarditis, croup
46
Coronary Steal Syndrome
Stress Stess Adenosine and dipyridamole dilate coronary blood vessels shunt blood away from ischemic heart - Angina
47
Wilde Pulse Pressure and Head Bobbing
Aortic Regurg
48
Straw Berry vs Cherry Hemangioma
strawberry fields - kids play in fields Strawberry - infants rapid growth then regresses Cherry - elderly does not regress
49
Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk Sac LIver Spleen Bone Marrow
50
Juglar Venous Pressure
Think right atrial pressure A - atrial contraction C - ventricle contraction X - relaxation of atria V - filling of atria Y - blood from atria goes to ventricle

STEP1 (21 decks)

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