Cardiovascluar

Question 1

hypertension drugs

Answer 1

diuretics (furosemide)
beta blockers (propanolol)(metoprololor)
alpha 1 blockers (prazosin)
centrally acting adrenergics (methlydopa/clonidine)
neuronal blockers (guanethidine)(severe hypertension)
ACE inhibitors (lisinopril)

Question 2

cardioselective beta blocker

Answer 2

metoprololor atenolol

Question 3

angina drugs

Answer 3

nitro
propanolol
Calcium channel blockers (verapamil)

Question 4

arrhythmia drugs

Answer 4

lido 
phenytoin
quinidine
verapamil
digitalis
propanolol

Question 5

what type of arrhythmia does lido help?

Answer 5

VENTRICULAR

Question 6

what type of arrhythmia does phenytoin help?

Answer 6

digitalis induced

Question 7

what type of arrhythmia does quinidine help?

Answer 7

SUPRAventricular tachy

ATRIAL fillibration

Question 8

what type of arrhythmia verapamil help?

Answer 8

SUPRAvetricular tachy
ATRIAL fillibration (same as quinidine)

Question 9

what type of arrhythmia does digitalias help?

Answer 9

ATRIAL fillibration

paraxysmal tachy

Question 10

what type of arrhythmia does propanolol help?

Answer 10

paraxysmal tachy

Question 11

what drugs help congestive heart failure?

Answer 11

gylcosides such as:

digitalis
digoxin
ACE inhibitors (captopril)

Question 12

how does quinidine act for antiarryhthmics?

Answer 12

type 1A agent that acts by inc the refractory period of cardiac muscle

Question 13

how does lido act for antiarrythmics?

Answer 13

type 1B agent that dec cardiac excitability

Question 14

how does digitalis act for antiarrhythmics?

Answer 14

dec the rate of A-V conduciton

Question 15

how does nitro work as an antiangina drug?

Answer 15

inc O2 supple to heart by a direct vasodilatory action on smooth mm in coronary ateries

Question 16

how does propanolol work as an antiangina drug?

Answer 16

reduces O2 demand by preventing chronotropic responses to endogenous epi, emotions, and excercise

Question 17

how does Calcium Channel Blockers work as antiangina drug?

Answer 17

dec O2 demand by reducing afterload by reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilation

Question 18

generally, how do most antihypertensives work?

Answer 18

reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilation

Question 19

how does the antidiuretic ACE inhibiotors work?

Answer 19

blocks the enzyme which converts angiotension I to angiotension II. the latter is a potent vasoconstrictor

Question 20

what are the adrenergic agents?

Answer 20

prazosin
methyldopa
clonidine
propanolol
metoprolol

Question 21

how does adrenergic agent prazosin work?

Answer 21

selective alpha1 blocker, inhibits binding of nerve induced release of NE resulting in vasodilation

Question 22

how does adrenergic agent methyldopa work?

Answer 22

acts centrally as a false neurotransmitter stimulating alpha receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow resulting in vasodilation

Question 23

how does adrenergic agent clonidine work?

Answer 23

selective agonist stimulates alpha-2 receptors in the CNS to reduce sympathetic outflow to peripheral vessels resulting in vasodilation

Question 24

how does adrenergic agent propanolol work?

Answer 24

nonselective beta blocker reduces cardiac output and inhibits renin secretion

Question 25

how does adrenergic agent metoprolol work?

Answer 25

selective beta 1 blocker, reduces cardiac output

Question 26

how do diuretics work?

Answer 26

dec the renal absorption of sodium, thus resulting in fluid loss and a reduciton in blood volume, this dec the work the heart has to pump, also they have a weak dilatory action

Question 27

three types of diuretics

Answer 27

thiazide: chlorothiazide
furosemide (loop acting)
potassium sparing (spironolactone)

Question 28

how do congestive heart failure drugs (digitalis, digoxin) work?

Answer 28

have positive ionotropic effect, inc the force of contraction. this is done by an inhibition of Na+, K+ ATPase leading to inc calcium influx.

digitalis reduces compensatory changes such as inc heart size, rate, and edema