Autonomics (Cholenergics and anticholinergics) Flashcards
what are the competitive muscarinic receptor blockers ?
atropine
scopolamine
propantheline
what are the muscarinic receptor blockeres (atropine, scopolamine, and propantheline) used to control?
salivary secretions
what does atropine do that is unique?
blocks vagal reflexive control of heart rate, resulting in tachycardia
what are two expamples of REVERSIBLE anticholinesterases?
physostigmine
neostigmine
what is the difference between physostigmine and neostigmine?
physostigmine acts both centrally and peripherally, neostigmine only peripherally, but neostigmine also has some direct ACh like activity at the neuromuscular junction, in addition to prolonging the activity of endogenous ACh. They sometimes see use in treating xerostomia.
what are the reversible anticholinesterases often used for?
treatment of xerostomia
what all might be used for the treatment of xerostomia?
pilocarpine
methacholine
*direct acting cholinergic agonists
what irreversibly inhibits cholinesterases?
organophosphates and insecticides
what is pralidoxime used for?
enzyme regenerator used in organophosphate toxicity
what is succinylcholine used for?
is a depolarizing neuromuscular junction blocker, subject to rapid inactivation by plasma pseudocholinesterase
*it is used to prevent laryngospasm
what is d-tubocurarine?
non-depolarizing neuromuscluar junction blocker
what are ganglionic blockers that produce orthostatic hypotension?
mecamlylamine
hexamethonium
what happens in a cholinergic crisis?
bradycardia lacrimation salivaiton voluntary m weakness diarrhea bronchoconstriciton
how do you treat a cholinergic crisis?
atropine
what are the symptoms of a scopolamine overdose
disorientation confusion hallucinations burning dry mouth hyperthermia
