Cardiopulmonary Retention Flashcards by Tisha Ayonayon

All of the following are involved with peripheral circulation except (MS 2020)

a. Arteries
b. Capilliaries
c. Veins
d. Sinuses

d. Sinuses

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Serious complication of diuretics (MS 2020)
a. Hypernatremia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypokalemia
d. Hypocalcemia

c. Hypokalemia

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It controls the rate and depth of breathing? APK 2020

a. Pneumotaxic center
b. Apneustic center
c. Ventral respiratory group
d. Dorsal respiratory group

a. Pneumotaxic center

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Which of the following statements is true about the diaphragm? APK 2020

I. It is dome-shaped and consists of a peripheral muscular part, which arises from the margins of the thoracic opening and a laterally placed tendon
II. A sternal part consisting of a small right and left slips arising from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process
III. A costal part consisting of four slips that arise from the deep surfaces of the lower four ribs and their costal cartilages
IV. A vertebral part arising by means of vertical columns or crura and from the arcuate ligaments
V. The right crus arises from the sides of the bodies of the first three lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs

a. I, II, and III are correct
b. III, IV and V are correct
c. I, III, and V are correct
d. II, IV and V are correct
e. I, II and IV are correct

d. II, IV and V are correct

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The Aortic Valve APK 2020

a. Prevents backflow of the blood from the aorta to the LV during diastole
b. Prevents backflow of the blood from aorta to the LV during systole
c. Prevents backflow of the blood from LV to the aorta during diastole
d. Prevents backflow of the blood from LV to the aorta during systole

a. Prevents backflow of the blood from the aorta to the LV during diastole

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Period of atrial emptying and contraction APK 2020

a. Atrial diastole
b. Atrial systole
c. Ventricular systole
d. Ventricular diastole

b. Atrial systole

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Period of atrial filling is called: APK 2020

a. Atrial diastole
b. Atrial systole
c. Ventricular systole
d. Ventricular diastole

a. Atrial diastole

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Which statement best explains how sympathetic stimulation affects the heart? APK 2020

a. The permeability of the SA node to sodium decreases
b. The permeability of the AV node to sodium decreases
c. The permeability of the SA node to potassium increases
d. There is an increased rate of upward drift of the resting membrane potential of the SA node
e. The permeability of the cardiac muscle to calcium decreases

d. There is an increased rate of upward drift of the resting membrane potential of the SA node

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Hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart is associated with APK 2020

a. Aortic stenosis
b. Mitral stenosis
c. Pulmonary stenosis
d. NOTA

a. Aortic stenosis

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Coagulopathies interfere with the normal mechanism of the blood and affect the normal blood clotting factor that can result in the following, EXCEPT: APK 2020

I. Excesses do not contribute to tissue infarction
II. Deficits can contribute to bleeding abnormalities and hemorrhage
III. Excesses can contribute thromboemboli
IV. deficits can contribute to obstruction of blood flow to vital organs
V. Deficits and excesses are pathologic and interfere with oxygen transport

a. Only I
b. I and IV
c. I and II
d. I, II, and IV
e. I, IV, and V

b. I and IV

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One of the early symptoms of mitral stenosis APK 2020

a. Palpitations
b. Angina
c. Chest pain
d. Dyspnea with exertion

d. Dyspnea with exertion

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This pulse indicates left ventricular failure and is usually accompanied by a left sided S3: MS 2016

a. Paradoxical
b. Tardus
c. Alterans
d. Bisfriens

c. Alterans

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Which of the following medications block receptors of the sinoatrial node and myocardial cells, thereby decreasing the force of contraction of the heart as well as the heart rate? MS 2016

a. Alpha-blockers
b. Beta-blockers
c. Calcium channel blockers
d. ACE-inhibitors
e. Thiaziede diuretics

b. Beta-blockers

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True about Orthostatic Hypotension: MS 2016

I. Reduction in systolic blood pressure of atleast 10 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of atleast 20 mmhg
II. Treatment may include increased intake of salt and water and regular exercise
III. Adrenal insufficiency may cause orthostatic hypotension
IV. Chronic hypotension is common in elder population

a. I, II, III,IV
b. II, III,IV
c. III and IV only
d. IV only

b. II, III,IV

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If the (L) ant descending artery is blocked what kind of Myocardial infarction might occur? MS 2016

a. Anterior MI
b. Lateral MI
c. Inferior MI
d. Posterior MI

a. Anterior MI

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A patient is referred to in-patient rehab. Upon checking the patient’s medical record, it is noted that the patient is positive with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDRT), what type of precaution and measures should be observed by the health care provider? MS 2016

a. Airborne precautions – patient can stay in a regular private room
b. Droplet precautions – wear mask when working within 5 feet of affected person
c. Airborne precautions – use approved filter masks
d. Droplet Precautions – use N95 masks
e. Airborne precautions – door may remain open.

c. Airborne precautions – use approved filter masks

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Which of the following choices would warrant medical referral during cardiac rehabilitation program? MS 2016

a. BP of 130/80 mmHg
b. Patient is able to climb 1 flight of stairs with minimal effort
c. Angina that is relieved upon resting
d. Angina that refer pain to the left shoulder and left upper extremity in an ulnar nerve distribution

a. BP of 130/80 mmHg

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A female patient with angina is referred to the clinic after a total knee replacement. The patient has a history of angina, which is usually relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin. The pain occurs with increased activity or stress. Based on these details of information, the patient has which type of angina? MS 2016

a. Unstable angina
b. Variant angina
c. Prinzmetal angina
d. Stable angina

d. Stable angina

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A 38 year old man has a murmur that ceases with the onset of the second heart sound. The second heart sound occurs at the onset of which phase of the cardiac cycle? MS 2017

a. Isovolumetric contraction
b. Rapid ejection
c. Systole
d. Isovolumetric relaxation
e. Rapid ventricular filling

d. Isovolumetric relaxation

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Barely perceptible pulse; easily obliterated with slight pressure; fades in and out MS 2018

a. 1+ Thready
b. 2+ Normal
c. 0 Thready
d. 3+ Weak

a. 1+ Thready

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Normal electrical conduction through the heart allows for normal mechanical contraction of the ventricles. Altered electrical conduction alters the mechanical activity of the ventricles exacerbating heart failure. MS 2018

a. Hypertension
b. Cardiac dysrhythmias
c. Valve abnormalities
d. Cardiomyopathies

b. Cardiac dysrhythmias

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METs for Class III Classification of Patients with Heart Disease: MS 2018

a. 6.5
b. 3.0
c. 2.0
d. 1.5

b. 3.0

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A 14 year old boy with advance Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy is administered a pulmonary function test. The value that is UNLIKELY to show any deviation from normal is: MS 2018

a. Functional residual capacity
b. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
c. Vital capacity
d. Total lung capacity

a. Functional residual capacity

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A post-surgical pt is receiving postural drainage, percussion and shaking to reduce pulmonary congestion. The PT assigned to the case could reduce the frequency of treatment if the:

a. Pt becomes febrile
b. Pt experiences an increase postoperative pain
c. Color of secretions changes from white to yellow
d. Amount of productive secretion decreases

d. Amount of productive secretion decreases

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25. True about arterial blood gas values, except: MS 2019 a. pH is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood b. pCO2 measures the effectiveness of the body’s ventilation system as CO2 is removed c. As CO2 level increases, the pH increases d. HCO3 is the measure of the metabolic portion of the acid-base function e. NOTA

c. As CO2 level increases, the pH increases

26. GOLD classification in which the pt experienced greater shortness of breath with exercise, decreased exercise capacity, fatigue and repeated exacerbations of their disease MS 2019 a. STAGE 1 b. STAGE 3 c. STAGE 2 d. STAGE 4

b. STAGE 3

27. The respiratory center is located in the ____ and ______. a. Midbrain and pons b. Midbrain and Medulla oblongata c. Pons and Hypothalamus d. Pons and Medulla oblongata

d. Pons and Medulla oblongata

28. Normal volume of dead space air is: a. 100 ml b. 180 ml c. 150 ml d. 250 ml

c. 150 ml

29. Apneustic center is located in the: a. Dorsal medulla b. Upper pons c. Ventrolateral medulla d. Lower pons

d. Lower pons Code: PULA Pneumotaxic center - Upper pons Lower pons - Apneustic center

30. A patient with angina pectoris has been instructed to use sublingual nitroglycerine in case of an acute anginal attack. What are the primary effects of this medication? a. Vasoconstriction of peripheral vessels b. Vasodilation of the coronary vessels c. Increasing myocardial oxygen consumption d. Increasing left ventricular end diastolic pressure

b. Vasodilation of the coronary vessels

31. The peak of this enzyme is during 24-48hrs. a. SGOT b. CPK c. CK MB d. LDH

a. SGOT

32. The peak of this enzyme is during 12-24hrs. a. SGOT b. CPK c. CK MB d. LDH

c. CK MB

33. The peak of LDH is during ___ a. 3-6 days b. 1-2 days c. 6-7 days d. 3-4 days

a. 3-6 days

34. This phase is well set up in the form of an outpatient hospital-based programme a. Phase I b. Phase 2 c. Phase 3 d. Phase 4

c. Phase 3 a: In d: Maintain

35. A patient presents with severe claudication which is evident when he walks distances greater than 200 feet. He also exhibits muscle fatigue and cramping of both calf muscles. Upon examination, the therapist finds his skin pale and shiny with some trophic nail changes. The BEST choice for intervention is to: a. Begin with an interval walking program, exercising only to the point of pain b. Avoid any exercise stress until he has been on calcium channel blockers for at least 2 weeks c. Utilize a walking program of moderate intensity, instructing the patient that some pain is expected and to be tolerated d. Utilized non weight bearing exercises such as cycle ergometry

a. Begin with an interval walking program, exercising only to the point of pain

36. Ulceration on the lateral malleolus is seen in a. Arterial insufficiency b. Venous insufficiency c. Lymphatic insufficiency d. NOTA

a. Arterial insufficiency Code: arteriaLateral b: medial malleolus

37. Most common manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency a. Pain b. Ulceration c. Pigmentation d. Dermatitis

b. Ulceration

38. To achieve maximum reduction of lymphedema following a mastectomy in the upper extremity by means of massage, it is most important that_____ a. Local heat be applied before the massage b. The upper arm be massaged before the forearm c. The hand be massage before the forearm d. The massage strokes occur in a centrifugal direction

b. The upper arm be massaged before the forearm

39. A physical therapist is developing an educational program for individuals with lower extremity peripheral neuropathies due to diabetes. Which of the following information is MOST important for the physical therapist to recommend for the prevention of injury to the feet a. Orthoses to support the extremity b. Use of proper footwear c. Moisturizing the skin to prevent dryness d. Exercise parameters

b. Use of proper footwear

40. All of the following drugs are used for bronchodilation, EXCEPT: MS 2019 a. Intal b. Aminophylline c. Serevent d. Atrovent e. None of these

a. Intal

41. Respirations that are regular but abnormally deep and increased in rate: MS 2019 a. Biot’s respirations b. Cheyne-stokes respirations c. Kussmaul’s respirations d. Tachypnea e. None of these

c. Kussmaul’s respirations

42. Chest pain that subsides with rest and worse with lying down MS 2019 a. Angina b. Myocardial infarction c. Mitral valve prolapse d. Pericarditis e. None of these

a. Angina

43. Chest pain that is relieved by kneeling on all fours MS 2019 a. Angina b. Myocardial infarction c. Mitral valve prolapse d. Pericarditis e. None of these

d. Pericarditis

44. What is the best treatment for patients suffering from digitalis toxicity? MS 2019 a. Digimon b. Digoxin c. Digiaid d. Digifab e. None of these

d. Digifab

45. The right ventricle pumps blood to: APK 2019 a. Pulmonary artery b. Pulmonary Vein c. Superior Vena Cava d. Inferior vena Cava

a. Pulmonary artery

46. Signs of cardiac dysfunction include the following, EXCEPT: MS 2019 a. A heart rate that is either excessively high of exceptionally low during exercise b. An increase in diastolic blood pressure during exercise that is greater than 15 to 20 mm Hg c. Electrocardiographic changes such as dysrythmias or ST-segment depression d. A systolic blood pressure that falls during exercise e. A diastolic blood pressure that does not rise progressively as work level increases

e. A diastolic blood pressure that does not rise progressively as work level increases

47. Deconditioning effects of prolonged bed rest, except APK 2019 a. Decrease in the contractile strength of body musculature b. Decrease in the circulation blood volume c. Decrease in the heart rate response to effort d. Decrease in lung volume

c. Decrease in the heart rate response to effort Increased HR

48. Following statements apply to venous pump, except APK 2019 a. Tightening of the muscles result to vein compression, squeezing the blood out of the veins b. Efficient enough to maintain less than 25 mmHg venous pressure in the feet of a walking adult c. If the subject stands motionless, venous pump does not work, and could increase lower extremity venous pressure to 90 mm Hg in about 30 seconds. d. Valves in veins allow bi-directional flow to and from the heart

d. Valves in veins allow bi-directional flow to and from the heart

49. A therapist completes a respiratory assessment on a patient in an acute care hospital. The examination reveals decreased breath sounds and decreased fremitus. This finding is MOST indicative of: a. pleural effusion b. consolidation c. pulmonary edema d. atelectasis

a. pleural effusion

50. The patients in palliative care has late-stage Bronchial carcinoma, you plan to include all of the following in the treatment plan. The most important of these would be? a. Coughing techniques b. Pain control and comfort c. Modified postural drainage d. Breathing exercises

b. Pain control and comfort

51. A therapist prepares to treat a patient with cystic fibrosis using postural drainage. The MOST appropriate patient position when treating the superior segments of the lower lobes is: a. Sitting, leaning back at 30-40 degrees angle b. Head down on left side, ¼ turn backward c. Supine with two pillows under the knees d. Prone with two pillows under the hips

d. Prone with two pillows under the hips

52. A type of breathing exercise indicated for patient with high SCI and post-polio syndrome? a. glossopharyngeal breathing b. diaphragmatic breathing c. segmental breathing d. sustained maximum inspiration

a. glossopharyngeal breathing

53. This abnormal deep breathing is usually associated with metabolic acidosis: a. Biot’s b. Harrington c. Kussmaul d. Cheyne-Stokes

c. Kussmaul

54. Characteristics of Cystic Fibrosis: a. An exocrine gland dysfunction b. All of these c. Affects many organ system d. May produce malabsorption symptoms

b. All of these

55. The following statements are true of the heart, EXCEPT: APK 2019 a. It lies behind the body of the sternum and in front of the middle four thoracic vertebrae (T5, T6, T7 and T8). b. It is about the size of a clenched fist and occupies a central position in the thoracic cavity c. The right ventricle occupies most of the anterior surfaces and forms all but the extremities of the inferior border d. During development, the heart undergoes rotation so that its right side is carried backwards and its left side forwards

d. During development, the heart undergoes rotation so that its right side is carried backwards and its left side forwards

56. The following statements are true of the lungs, except APK 2019 a. The right lung is longer and less voluminous b. The wall of each alveolar duct and air sac is made up of a number of ultimate unit known as alveoli c. The left lung resembles, in general appearance the right except that it possesses no horizontal fissure, and therefore no middle loses d. The lungs are supplied with branches of the sympathetic nervous system and of the vagus which is parasympathetic

a. The right lung is longer and less voluminous Left lung is longer Code: Le-le-le-longer

57. Which statement is most accurate? MS 2020 a. Arterial disease is characterized by intermittent claudication, pain relieved by elevating the extremity, and history of smoking b. Arterial disease is characterized by loss of hair on the LE and throbbing pain in the calf muscles that goes away by using heat and elevation c. Arterial disease is characterized by painful throbbing of the feet at night that goes away by dangling the feet over the bed d. Arterial disease is characterized by loss of hair in the toes, intermittent claudication, and redness or warmth of the legs that is accompanied by a burning sensation

c. Arterial disease is characterized by painful throbbing of the feet at night that goes away by dangling the feet over the bed

58. A patient after a motor vehicular accident complains of pain on the chest during inspiration. While palpating. You detect grating with point tenderness on the portion of the lateral chest wall. The patient most likely has: MS 2020 a. Costochondritis b. Subluxed costal cartilage c. rib fracture d. pulmonary edema

c. rib fracture

59. All of the following describes the phase 4 of cardiac rehab, except? MS 2020 a. This cardiac rehab is designed to continue for the patients lifetime. The exercise sessions usually are scheduled 3x a week. ECG monitoring is not necessary b. The main goal is to promote habits that lead to a healthy and satisfying lifestyle c. Entrance into this phase begins with the performance of a maximum, symptom limited exercise. During this phase, patients exercise at 65% to 85% of their maximum heart rate d. NOTA

d. NOTA

60. A strong upstroke, downstroke, and second upstroke during systole (BOT) a. Pulsus Bigeminus b. Pulsus Alterans c. Pulsus Bisferiens d. Pulsus Paradoxus

c. Pulsus Bisferiens

61. Increased pulse pressure with a rapid upstroke and downstroke and a shortened peak (BOT) a. Corrigan’s Pulse b. Pulsus Alterans c. Pulsus Bisferiens d. Pulsus Paradoxus

a. Corrigan’s Pulse

62. The aortic valve prevents backflow of blood from the a. LV into the Aorta b. Aorta into LV c. RV into the Pulmonary Artery d. Pulmonary artery into the RV

b. Aorta into LV

63. The large diameter _____ rapidly conduct the action potential beginning at the apex of the heart upward to the remainder of the ventricular myocardium a. Sa node b. AV node c. Bundle of his d. Purkinje Fibers

d. Purkinje Fibers

64. The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the a. RV into the RA b. RA into the RV c. LV into the LA d. LA into the LV

a. RV into the RA

65.Normal spread of excitation of the heart is a. SAN, Bundle of His, AVN, Purkinje Fibers, ventricles b. SAN, AVN, Purkinje Fibers, Bundle of His, Ventricles c. SAN, AVN, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers, Ventricles d. AVN, Bundle of His, Atrium, Purkinje Fibers, ventricles

c. SAN, AVN, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers, Ventricles

66. A PT attempts to auscultate over the right AV valve. Which of the following areas is the most appropriate to isolate the desired valve? a. Second left intercostals space at the left sternal border b. Second right intercostal space at the right sternal border c. Fourth left intercostals space along the lower left sternal border d. Fifth left intercostals space at the midclavicular line

c. Fourth left intercostals space along the lower left sternal border

67. Represent ventricular depolarization a. ST seg b. P wave c. QRS complexes d. T wave

c. QRS complexes

68. the left atrium forms the most _______surface of the heart a. anterior b. posterior c. inferior d. NOTA

b. posterior

69. An elevated ST segment may indicate a. M. Ischemia b. M. Infarction c. Cardiac decompensation d. Pericarditis

b. M. Infarction

70. Which of the following statements is true of individuals with cardiopulmonary abnormalities? APK 2020 a. The increases in ventilation (VE) and CO are inversely proportional to the increase in metabolic rate, allowing venous blood gas and pH levels to remain close to baseline values during exercise b. The decrease in ventilation (VE) and CO are closely matched to the decrease in metabolic rate allowing venous blood gas and pH levels to remain close to baseline values during exercise c. The decrease in ventilation (VE) and CO are closely matched to the increase in metabolic rate, allowing venous blood gas and pH levels to remain close to baseline values during exercise d. The increases in ventilation (VE), and CO are closely matched to the increase in metabolic rate, allowing arterial blood gas and pH levels to remain close to baseline values during exercise e. The increase in ventilation (VE) and CO are closely matched to the decrease in respiratory rate, allowing arterial blood gas and pH levels to lower than baseline values during exercise

b. The decrease in ventilation (VE) and CO are closely matched to the decrease in metabolic rate allowing venous blood gas and pH levels to remain close to baseline values during exercise

71. The tricuspid valve APK 2020 a. Prevents backflow of the blood from RV to RA during systole b. Prevents backflow of the blood from RV to RA during diastole c. Prevents backflow of the blood from RA to RV during systole d. Prevents backflow of the blood from RA to RV during diastole

a. Prevents backflow of the blood from RV to RA during systole

72. Primary vein that drains into the RA. Drains venous blood from viscera and lower body. APK 2020 a. Aorta b. SVC c. IVC d. Pulmonary artery

c. IVC

73. What happens at the end of ventricular Isovolumic Relaxation? APK 2020 a. The AV valves close b. The Aortic valve opens c. The mitral valve opens d. NOTA

c. The mitral valve opens

74. If the cardiac output is 6.4 L/min and the heart rate is 80 bpm, then the stroke volume is: APK 2020 a. 70 ml b. 80 ml c. 100 ml d. 60 ml e. 90 ml

b. 80 ml

75. The clinical signs and symptoms of severe heart failure include all of the following except APK 2020 a. Hypertrophy b. Resultant CHF c. Lower than normal Cardiac output d. Higher than normal cardiac output

d. Higher than normal cardiac output

76. Period of ventricular filling a. Atrial diastole b. Atrial systole c. Ventricular systole d. Ventricular diastole

d. Ventricular diastole

77. All of the following are signs and symptoms associated with atherosclerosis except APK 2020 a. Increase in systolic pressure b. Little or no rise in diastolic pressure c. No appreciable change in mean arterial pressure d. Large increase in pulse pressure

c. No appreciable change in mean arterial pressure

78. Factors promoting venous return to the heart during exercise include all of the following except APK 2020 a. Comparative ease of flow from arteries to veins through dilated skeletal muscle arterioles b. Increase in venous tone c. Decreased peristalsis d. Increased respiratory movement

c. Decreased peristalsis

79. A COPD patient in the rehab while undergoing training to improve functional endurance manifested with an acute episode of dyspnea, which breathing technique may help to reduce symptoms and the work of breathing? PT APPS 2020 a. Controlled Cough b. Huffing c. Pursed Lip Breathing d. Breath Holds

c. Pursed Lip Breathing

80. All of the following are increased in obstructive lung disease, except: MES 2017 a. Total lung capacity b. Vital capacity c. Residual volume d. All of the above are increased in obstructive lung disease

b. Vital capacity

81. A 38 year old man has a murmur that ceases with the onset of the second heart sound. The second heart sound occurs at the onset of which phase of the cardiac cycle? MES 2017 a. Isovolumetric contraction b. Rapid ejection c. Systole d. Isovolumetric relaxation e. Rapid ventricular filling

d. Isovolumetric relaxation Keyword: Onset

82. A therapist treats a nine-year-old child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. As part of the treatment session the therapist attempts to improve the efficiency of the patient’s breathing. The MOST appropriate technique to encourage full expansion at the base of the lungs is: (LECTURE) a. manual percussion over the posterior portion of the ribs with the patient in prone b. manual contacts with pressure over the lateral borders of the ribs with the patient in supine c. manual vibration over the lateral portion of the ribs with the patient in sidelying d. manual cues over the epigastric area with the patient in supine

b. manual contacts with pressure over the lateral borders of the ribs with the patient in supine

83. Is characterized by episodic widespread narrowing of airways & paroxysms of nocturnal expiratory dyspnea?(LECTURE) a. Bronchiectasis b. Asthma c. Pulmonary edema d. Emphysema e. Atelectasis

b. Asthma

84. A patient presents to a clinic with decreased tidal volume (TV). What is the most likely cause of this change in normal pulmonary function? a. Chronic pulmonary disease b. Restrictive lung dysfunction c. Both of the above d. None of the above

b. Restrictive lung dysfunction

85. Which of the following are indications for pulmonary suctioning? a. Unproductive coughs b. Breath sounds or wet rales c. Respiratory distress d. All of the above

d. All of the above

86. A therapist is asked to evaluate a patient in the intensive care unit. The patient is comatose but breathing independently. During the assessment of range of motion in the right upper extremity the therapist notices that the patient is breathing unusually. The pattern is an increase in breathing rate and depth followed by brief pauses in breathing. The therapist should notify the appropriate personnel that the patient is exhibiting which of the following patterns? (DUNAWAY) a. Biot’s b. Cheyne-Stokes c. Kussmaul’s d. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

b. Cheyne-Stokes Keywords: Brief pauses in breathing

87. Irregular respirations of variable depth, alternating with periods of apnea. (BOT P37) a. Kussmaul’s b. Biot’s c. Apnea d. Cheyne-Strokes

b. Biot’s Keywords: Irregular

88. A physical therapist instructs a patient with pulmonary pathology in energy conservation techniques. Which of the following techniques would be the MOST effective when assisting a patient to complete a selected activity without dyspnea? PT APPS 2020 a. Diaphragmatic breathing b. Pacing c. Pursed-lip breathing d. Ventilator muscle training

b. Pacing

89. During treatment of your patient, hypotension syncope suddenly occurs. It is caused by: PTA 2020 a. Sudden increase in cardiac output b. Sudden decrease in cardiac output c. Increase in venous return to the heart d. Decrease in venous return to the heart

d. Decrease in venous return to the heart

90. A patient is receiving cardiac rehab and has a heart rate of 110 during moderate intensity exercise. The patient reports a 16 on the Borg RPE scale. Which class of heart medications is MOST likely present? PTA 2020 a. Beta Blockers b. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors c. Calcium Channel Blockers d. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

a. Beta Blockers

91. A patient had been on oxygen, but it was discontinued by physician order yesterday. During physical therapy, the patient becomes short of breath and requests supplemental oxygen. The patient’s SaO2 is measured at 90%. The decision that is NOT appropriate is: APK 2019 a. administer supplemental O2. b. allow the patient to rest. c. continue to monitor SaO2. d. encourage an efficient breathing pattern. e. NOTA

a. administer supplemental O2.

92. Which of the following statements are true about the lungs? APK 2019 I. The lungs are supplied with branches of the sympathetic nervous system and of the vagus which is parasympathetic II. The right lung is longer and less voluminous III. The left lung resembles, in general appearance the right except that it possesses no horizontal fissure, and therefore no middle lobe IV. The wall of each alveolar duct and air sac is made up of a number of ultimate unit known as alveoli a. I,II,III b. II,III,IV c. I,III,IV d. I,II,IV e. I,II,III,IV

c. I,III,IV

93. Which among the following statements are true about the right atrium? APK 2019 I. It receives the venous blood returning from all parts of the body except the lungs II. The superior vena cava enters it vertically from below III. The inferior vena cava enters it vertically from above IV. It receives blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins a. I, II, III b. II,III,IV c. I only d. IV only e. I,II,III,IV

c. I only

94. A therapist observes a patient in the rehab waiting room that appears to be experiencing a heart attack. The most Significant sign of a heart attack is APK 2019 a. Dizziness b. Chest pain c. Sweating d. shortness of breath e. Nausea

b. Chest pain Levine sign

95. Vital capacity is the sum of which of the following volumes? APK 2019 I. Residual Volume II. Expiratory Reserve Volume III. Inspiratory Reserve Volume IV. Tidal Volume a. I,II b. III,IV c. I,II,III d. II,III,IV e. I,II,III,IV

d. II,III,IV

96. During isovolumentric relaxation phase: APK 2019 a. The aortic and tricuspid valves are closed b. The aortic valve is open while the pulmonic valve is closed c. The mitral valve is open but the tricuspid valve is closed d. The mitral valve is open while the aortic valve is closed e. The mitral and aortic valves are closed

b. The aortic valve is open while the pulmonic valve is closed

97. All of the following statements regarding the conducting system of the heart are true except: APK 2016 a. The impulse for cardiac contraction spontaneously begins in the sino-atrial node b. The atrioventricular bundle is the sole pathway for conduction of the waves of contaction between the atria and the ventricles c. The sino-atrial node is frequently supplied by the right and left coronary arteries d. The sympathetic nerves to the heart slow the rate of discharge from the sino-atrial node e. The av bundle descends behind the septal cusp of the tricuspid valve

d. The sympathetic nerves to the heart slow the rate of discharge from the sino-atrial node

98. Voluntary breathing control resides in the: APK 2016 a. Cerebellar cortex b. Medulla c. cerebral motor cortex d. pons

c. cerebral motor cortex

99. All of the following are the incorrect phases of korotkoff sounds EXCEPT: a. Phase 1 - start of swishing sound b. Phase 2 - Faint tapping sound with increasing intensity c. Phase 3 - Sound increase in intensity with a distinct tapping d. None of the choices

c. Phase 3 - Sound increase in intensity with a distinct tapping

100.When the lungs expand during inhalation, it creates greater pressure within the alveoli. When the lungs deflate, it equalizes the pressure within the alveoli. a. Both statements are true b. First statement is true c. Second statement is true d. Both statements are false

c. Second statement is true