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Medicine > Cardiology - Embryology > Flashcards

Cardiology - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Sinus Venosus?

A

Coronary sinus and posterior portion of the right atrium

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2
Q

What are the Embryologic derivative of the Common Cardinal Veins?

A

Superior Vena Cava

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3
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Umbilical vein?

A

Ligamentum teres hepatis (Forms the round ligament of the liver)

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4
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Vitelline Veins?

A

Portal circulation and mesenteric veins

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5
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Truncus arteriosis?

A

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Left and Right dorsal aorta?

A

Descending aorta

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7
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Primitive Ventricle?

A

Trabeculated Portion of the right and left Ventricle

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8
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Bulbus Cordis?

A

Smooth portion of the right and left Ventricle

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9
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Endocardial Cushions?

A

Valves and membranous portion of the ventricular septum

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10
Q

What are the Embryologic derivatives of the Primitive Atria?

A

Trabeculated portion of the left and right atria

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11
Q

When does the Heart begin to beat?

A

By week 4

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12
Q

Arteries take blood ________ from the heart

A

Away

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13
Q

Neural crest cells come from the _________

A

Hindbrain

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14
Q

When the Aorta and pulmonary artery are partitioned (divided) and undergo spiral formation, what is constructed out of this process?

A

Aorticopulmonary septum

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15
Q

How is the aorticopulmonary septum created?

A

The partitioning and spiral formation of the Aorta and pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Persistent truncus arteriosus is the _______ formation of the aorticopulmonary septum formation

A

Partial (incomplete)

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17
Q

In persistent truncus arteriosus, there is ______ of the blood.
- What kind of blood?

A

Mixing
- Deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

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18
Q

What is the classic pathology association of Persistent Truncus Arteriosus?

A

DiGeorge Syndrome and Tetralogy of Fallot

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19
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels (is/is not) compatible with life?

A

Is not

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20
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels is the failed spiraling of?
-Causes ___________

A

the Aorticopulmonary septum
-Causes reversal of the pulmonary artery and aorta

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21
Q

In transposition of the Great Vessels, What do these now become:
-Right Ventricle becomes the _______
-Left ventricle becomes the _______

A

Right Ventricle becomes the Aorta
Left Ventricle becomes the Pulmonary Artery

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22
Q

What is the classical pathology in utero association with Transposition of the Great Vessels?

A

Mothers with diabetes

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23
Q

In DiGeorge syndrome, What are the four common symptoms?

A

Hypocalcemia, Tetany, Facial deformities, and Cleft lip/pallet

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24
Q

What is the issue in Persistent Truncus arteriosus?

A

septal formation is the issue (dividing of the aorta and pulmonary artery)

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25
Q

What is the issue in Transposition of the Great Vessels?

A

The spiral formation of the aorticopulmonary septum

26
Q

In transposition of the great vessels, maintain (1)_____ between parallel circuits and/or keep (2)_________ open in newborns with this condition.

A
  1. Shunt
  2. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
27
Q

In Atrial Septation, what is the first step in detail:
-What forms?
- How does it form?
-What forms between this structure and AV cushions?

A

The Septum primum forms
-Form inferiorly from superior primitive atrium
-Foramen Primum

28
Q

In Atrial Septation, What is the second Step in detail:
-What forms?
-How does it form?
-What forms after within the Septum primum?

A

Foramen and Septum Secundum
-Superior and inferior segments form it
-Foramen secundum

29
Q

In Atrial Septation, What is step three?

A

Foramen Ovale closes

30
Q

Where is the Foramen ovale formed?

A

Between the Septum primum and Secundum

31
Q

What’s another word for Foramen?

A

Ostium

32
Q

What hemodynamic changes occur after the babies first breath?
-PVR
-LAP
-RAP

A

A decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance, elevated Left atrial pressure and a decrease in Right atrial pressure

33
Q

How does an Patent Foramen Ovale form?

A

Incomplete joining of septum primum and septum secundum

34
Q

Patients with a Patent foramen ovale, are they usually symptomatic?

A

No. Usually asymptomatic

35
Q

What are some common symptoms with a PFO (Patent foramen Ovale)

A

Cryptogenic cerebrovascular Accident and paradoxical embolism

36
Q

What is “Atrial Septal Defect”

A

its a persistent shunt between Lt. and Rt. atrium

37
Q

What are some common symptoms in patients with Atrial septal defects?

A

Cryptogenic CVA and paradoxical embolism

38
Q

Which type of Atrial septal defect is most common and tend to be isolated?

A

Secundum-type

39
Q

What type of atrial septal defect is generally associated with additional heart defects?

A

Primum-type

40
Q

Ventricular septal defects most commonly occur due to defects in the ________ of the __________

A

Membranous portion of the Intraventricular septum

41
Q

AV cushion is the same as _____________ cushion

A

Endocardial

42
Q

Intermittent increases in RAP will open a ___________

A

Patent Foramen ovale

43
Q

Intermittent increases in LAP with _________ a patent foramen ovale

A

Close

44
Q

From the formation of a DVT, traveling to the Right atria back and forth to the Left Atria, this can cause a __________ ____________
- Because there is a ________

A

Paradoxical Embolism
Patent Foramen Ovale

45
Q

What condition will classically have a wide fixed split S2?

A

Atrial Septal defects

46
Q

Atrial Septal defects are due to hypoplasia/aplasia of the ________ _______ (two words)

A

Septum Secundum

47
Q

What is the derivative of the first aortic arch?

A

Maxillary artery

48
Q

What is the derivative of the Second aortic arch?

A

hyoid and stapedial arteries

49
Q

What is the derivative of the Third Aortic arch?

A

Common carotid and proximal internal carotid arteries

50
Q

What is the derivative of the Left Fourth aortic arch?

A

Aortic Arch

51
Q

What is the classic pathology of the Left fourth arch of the aorta?

A

Coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta

52
Q

What is the derivative of the Right fourth arch of the aorta?

A

Proximal right subclavian artery

53
Q

What is the derivative of the Left sixth aortic arch?

A

Mostly ductus arteriosus (but also part of the proximal pulmonary arteries)

54
Q

What is the classical pathology of the Left Sixth aortic arch?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

55
Q

What is the derivative of the Right Sixth aortic Arch?

A

Proximal pulmonary Arteries

56
Q

In Transposition of the Great Arteries, What medication is given to keep the Ductus Arteriosus open?

A

Prostaglandins (PGE)

57
Q

In Transposition of the Great Arteries, What medications can be given in premature babies to close the Ductus Arteriosus?

A

PGE inhibitors (Indomethacin) and NSAIDS

58
Q

What is the classic murmur heard in PDA?
-Where can it be heard?

A

Continuous machine like murmur
-In the left interclavicular region

59
Q

What are some pathologies of the First Aortic Arch?

A

Treacher Collins syndrome and Pierre Robin Syndrome

60
Q

What is a pathology of the Second Aortic Arch?

A

Congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

Medicine (10 decks)

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