Cardiology - Anatomy

Question 1

Enlargement of the left atrium can lead to what clinical significance?

Answer 1

Cardiovascular dysphagia

Question 2

What test is better to see both the leftatrium and the aorta?

Answer 2

TEE

Question 3

In mitral valve regurgitation, if there is left atrial enlargement, what symptoms might present with the patient?
- What nerve is pressed to cause this pathophysiology?

Answer 3

A hoarse cough
- The laryngeal nerve

Question 4

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop around?
-Consequently lies above the ______

Answer 4

Loops below the aorta going back up
- Left atrium

Question 5

If the patient is exhibiting a hoarse cough, what two pathologies can we assume could be going on?

Answer 5

Mitral valve regurgitation with left atrial enlargement AND thoracic aortic aneurism

Question 6

What syndrome is not associated with mediastinal widening on an chest XR?

Answer 6

Superior vena cava syndrome

Question 7

On a CXR, what can axial imaging see?

Answer 7

Ascending and descending aorta, pulmonary trunk, atria and the ventricles

Question 8

What are the two pathologies that can be seen in an CT?
-Which occurs secondary to intimal tears?

Answer 8

saddle PE and False lumen (aortic dissection) secondary to intimal tears

Question 9

If there is a penetrating injury to the mid-left sternal border (3 and 4th intercostal), what is the organ susceptible to injury?

Answer 9

The right ventricle

Question 10

Where is the point of maximal impulse (PMI) located?

Answer 10

the 5th intercostal space

Question 11

Where is the apex of the heart best felt?

Answer 11

The midclavicular line

Question 12

Where is the location of ablations for atrial flutter?

Answer 12

the coronary sinus in the right atriumW

Question 13

Where is the coronary sinus located?

Answer 13

B/W the IVC (Inferior Vena Cava) and tricuspid valve

Question 14

The coronary sinus is also referred to as the _______?

Answer 14

Cavotricuspid isthmus

Question 15

Where is the afib foci located?

Answer 15

left atrial myocardium, in the pulmonary vein ostia within the left atrium

Question 16

When a patient is in a rapid ventricular rate, what isnt working properly?

Answer 16

The AV node

Question 17

What majority of the heart is supplied by the RCA?

Answer 17

Right side of the heart, SA and AV node

Question 18

If a patient exhibits an RCA MI, this area is at higher risk for?

Answer 18

arrhythmias

Question 19

The left coronary artery supplies most of which side of the heart?

Answer 19

the left side.. du

Question 20

The Left anterior descending artery supplies what points of the heart?

Answer 20

Anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum, anterolateral papillary muscle. and anterior left ventricle

Question 21

The left circumflex artery supplies what points of the heart?

Answer 21

Posterolateral left atria and ventricle, as well as the anterolateral papillary muscle

Question 22

The posterior descending artery supplies what percentages and points of the heart?
-Rt Dom:
-Lft Dom:
-Co:

Answer 22

~85% Rt dominant, 8% Lt. Dominant, and 7% codominant

Question 23

What generally supplies the SA node?
- Right dominant supplied by the ______
-Left dominant supplied by the _________

Answer 23

The side of dominant coronary circulation
- Right coronary artery
-Left coronary artery

Question 24

All coronary veins drain into what structure?

Answer 24

into the coronary sinus

Question 25

Where is the location of the coronary sinus?

Answer 25

The left posterior AV groove

Question 26

What is the embryologic derivative of the coronary sinus?

Answer 26

Sinus venosus

Question 27

What are the two clinical correlations with the coronary sinus?

Answer 27

Biventricular pacemaker lead placement in the LV and dilation in pulmonary HTN

Question 28

The coronary veins also drain in the same location as what foci?

Answer 28

The location of atrial flutter

Question 29

What other structures does the posterior descending artery supply blood flow to?
(Border(s) of the heart, tissues, muscle?)

Answer 29

Primarily inferior borders of the heart, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and the posteromedial papillary muscle

Question 30

Where are the probes placed in a Biventricular pacemaker?

Answer 30

one lead in the right atrium and 2 in the ventricles

Question 31

Which lead of the Biventricular pacemaker runs through the coronary sinus?

Answer 31

Left ventricular lead

Question 32

What is an ICD?

Answer 32

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Question 33

Which catheter runs through the pulmonary artery?

Answer 33

The Swan-Ganz catheter

Question 34

What are the two types of catheters used for cardiac catheterization?

Answer 34

Swan-Ganz and Venous catheter

Question 35

What is the use of the Swan-Ganz catheter?

Answer 35

Measures right sided pressures

Question 36

What is the surrogate marker for the left atrial pressure?

Answer 36

The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PFO)

Question 37

A coronary angiography utilized what kind of catheter?

Answer 37

Arterial catheter

Question 38

What is the use of getting a Coronary angiography?

Answer 38

Helps visualize atherosclerotic lesions and stenosis of coronary vessels

Question 39

The Trans-Septal left atrial catheterization uses what kind of catheter?

Answer 39

Venous catheter

Question 40

The Venous catheter used in a Trans-Septal left atrial catheterization can go through what fossas?

Answer 40

The patent foramen Ovale (PFO) or the Fossa ovale

Question 41

What is the use of the Trans-Septal left atrial catheterization?

Answer 41

Direct measurement of the left atrial pressure and/or ablation of pathogenic foci

Question 42

A _______ or ______ can be used to open up vessels for better perfusion

Answer 42

Balloon or stent

Question 43

If the catheter goes through the PFO, will it close on its own when removed?

Answer 43

Yes