Cardiology Anatomy and Physiology EXAM II 2020 Flashcards
point of maximum impulse
apex
top of the heart and where the atria are.
base
what are the 3 layers of the heart
endocardium
myocardium
epicaridum
what it the heart housed in ?
pericardial sac
The tricupsid valve is between what atrium and valve
Right atrium and right valve
The mitral (bicupsid) valve is between what atrium and valve?
left atrium and left valve
what is a normal stroke volume?
4-8 L per minute
what is cardiac output? and the normal range of ouput?
stroke volume x heart rate
- (4-7) Liters
when the heart muscle is relaxed
repolarization
what is the pace of the SA node?
60-100 BPM
what is the pace of the AV node?
40-60 BPM
what is the pace of the bundle of HIS?
less than 40 BPM
contraction/ejection of the blood
systole
relaxation/filling of the aorta with blood
diastole
the amount of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
stroke volume
the amount of cardiac muscle fiber stretch that exists at the end of diastole just before contraction of the ventricles (the amount of stretch of the muscle tissue at the end of filling)
preload
refers to the resistance the ventricles must overcome to open the semilunar valves and eject the contents.
afterload
percentage of the blood ejected from the heart during systole. normal range is 55-70. anything lower indicates heart failure of some sort.
Ejection Fraction
