Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

S1 -

Split S1 -

A

S1 - close AV valve

Split S1 - mitral valve prolapse

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2
Q

S2 -

Split S2 -

A

S2 - close aortic/pulmonic valve

Split S2 - pulmonary hypertension

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3
Q

S3 -

A

S3 - filling of ventricles

hear in horses, DCM

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4
Q

S4 -

A

S4 - atrial contraction (atrial kick)

cats with HCM

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5
Q

Three causes of hypodynamic pulses

A
  1. cardiac tamponade
  2. heart failure
  3. aortic stenosis
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6
Q

Two causes of hyperdynamic pulses

A
  1. PDA

2. aortic insuffiency

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of feline pericardial effusion?

A

FIP

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8
Q

Three factors associated with cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Trypanosoma cruzi
  2. Taurine deficiency in cats and cockers
  3. Carnitine in boxers
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9
Q

Four types of bacteria causes endocarditis

A

staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli, Bartonella

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10
Q

Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension

Decreased production: ___, ___
Increased production: ___, ___, ___

A

Decreased production: NO, prostacyclin = endothelium relaxing factors

Increased production: endothelin, thromboxane, serotonin = constricting factors

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11
Q

Two congenital heart disease associated with endocarditis

A

SAS, PDA

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12
Q

What heart disease causes splintered QRS on EKG in large breed dog?

A

TVD

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13
Q
Anti-arrhyhtmic drugs class
Class Ia 
Class Ib
Class II
Class III
Class IV
Class V
A

Class Ia (Na): quinidine, procainamide = SVT, VT

Class Ib (Na): lidocaine, mexiletine = VT

Class II (beta blocker): esmolol, atenolol, propranolol, (sotalol) = SVT, VT

Class III (K): stalol, amiodarone = SVT, VT

Class IV (Ca): diltiazem, verapamil = SVT

Class V: digoxin

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14
Q

Infectious causes pericarditis?

A

coccidiomycosis, aspergillus niger, FIP, actinomyces, bacteria associated with trauma, migrating FB

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15
Q

Infectious causes pyoderma?

A

staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, E. coli

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16
Q

Dopamine
Low doses =
Intermediate doses =
High doses =

A

Low doses = DA1/DA2 mediated renal vasodilation
Intermediate doses = beta-mediated ionotropy
High doses = alpha-mediated vasoconstriction

17
Q

Dobutamine

A

Ionotropy: B1 > B2 > alpha

18
Q

NorEpi

A

B1 > alpha > B2

Mild ionotropy, also vasoconstriction

19
Q

Epi

A

B > alpha

ionotropy and vasodilation of muscle

20
Q

Vasopressin

A

V1 mediated vasoconstriction increases coronary/cerebral/renal/pulmonary flow without increasing myocardial work and is not blunted by acidosis

21
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Pure alpha (not arrhtthmogenic)

22
Q

Glucagon

A

increases camp>ianotropy

23
Q

What enzyme does degrade NT-proBNP?

A

Neprilysin

24
Q

What disease do you use vagal maneuver

A

SVT to increase vagal tone and could slow sinus nodal discharge
Where: carotid body massage, ocular pressure