Cardiology Flashcards
S1 -
Split S1 -
S1 - close AV valve
Split S1 - mitral valve prolapse
S2 -
Split S2 -
S2 - close aortic/pulmonic valve
Split S2 - pulmonary hypertension
S3 -
S3 - filling of ventricles
hear in horses, DCM
S4 -
S4 - atrial contraction (atrial kick)
cats with HCM
Three causes of hypodynamic pulses
- cardiac tamponade
- heart failure
- aortic stenosis
Two causes of hyperdynamic pulses
- PDA
2. aortic insuffiency
What is the most common cause of feline pericardial effusion?
FIP
Three factors associated with cardiomyopathy
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Taurine deficiency in cats and cockers
- Carnitine in boxers
Four types of bacteria causes endocarditis
staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli, Bartonella
Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension
Decreased production: ___, ___
Increased production: ___, ___, ___
Decreased production: NO, prostacyclin = endothelium relaxing factors
Increased production: endothelin, thromboxane, serotonin = constricting factors
Two congenital heart disease associated with endocarditis
SAS, PDA
What heart disease causes splintered QRS on EKG in large breed dog?
TVD
Anti-arrhyhtmic drugs class Class Ia Class Ib Class II Class III Class IV Class V
Class Ia (Na): quinidine, procainamide = SVT, VT
Class Ib (Na): lidocaine, mexiletine = VT
Class II (beta blocker): esmolol, atenolol, propranolol, (sotalol) = SVT, VT
Class III (K): stalol, amiodarone = SVT, VT
Class IV (Ca): diltiazem, verapamil = SVT
Class V: digoxin
Infectious causes pericarditis?
coccidiomycosis, aspergillus niger, FIP, actinomyces, bacteria associated with trauma, migrating FB
Infectious causes pyoderma?
staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus, pseudomonas, E. coli
Dopamine
Low doses =
Intermediate doses =
High doses =
Low doses = DA1/DA2 mediated renal vasodilation
Intermediate doses = beta-mediated ionotropy
High doses = alpha-mediated vasoconstriction
Dobutamine
Ionotropy: B1 > B2 > alpha
NorEpi
B1 > alpha > B2
Mild ionotropy, also vasoconstriction
Epi
B > alpha
ionotropy and vasodilation of muscle
Vasopressin
V1 mediated vasoconstriction increases coronary/cerebral/renal/pulmonary flow without increasing myocardial work and is not blunted by acidosis
Phenylephrine
Pure alpha (not arrhtthmogenic)
Glucagon
increases camp>ianotropy
What enzyme does degrade NT-proBNP?
Neprilysin
What disease do you use vagal maneuver
SVT to increase vagal tone and could slow sinus nodal discharge
Where: carotid body massage, ocular pressure