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cardiology and respiratory > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

the heart is supplied by

A

the left and right coronary arterie s

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2
Q

At whatBlood flow to the myocardium occurs

A

mainly during diastole

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3
Q

Compared to other veins, the oxygen saturation in coronary venous blood is very low (often O2 saturation of only 35%). This is because…

A

oxygen extraction by the heart muscle is very high

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4
Q

Where is oxygen extraction by the heart muscle is very high

A

inferior surface of heart

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5
Q

released upon cell activation and contains a high conc of a molecule that acts as an agonist

A

platelet dense granules

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6
Q

responsible for apex beat in midclavicular line

A

left v

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7
Q

prevents backflow of blood in ventricular systole

A

mitral valve

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8
Q

carries oxy blood from lungs to left side of heart

A

pulmonary vein

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9
Q

prevents high pressures developing in the jugular veins during ventricular systole

A

tricuspid valve

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10
Q

carries deoxy blood back to the right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

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11
Q

ventricular repolarisation is what wave

A

t wave

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12
Q

normal duration120 to 200 for what interval

A

pr interval

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13
Q

asseses the electrical activity within lateral myocardial territory

A

j leads

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14
Q

what is the definition of membrane potential

A

difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a cell

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15
Q

define blood flow

A

the volume of blood that flows through the systemic circulation

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16
Q

What is anemia hypoxia

A

Blood defect that occurs when the bloods ability to carry oxygen decreases

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17
Q

What is sickle cell anemia

A

Inherited blood disorder

Not enough healthy Rbc to carry oxygen throughout the body

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18
Q

Lifespan of a platelet

A

7-10 days

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19
Q

Contents of platelets

A 
Plasma membrane 
Cytoskeleton 
Dense tubular system 
Secretory granules
Water 
Albumin 
Transport proteins
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20
Q

Two types of bleeding

A

Platelet or haemophilia

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21
Q

Types of platelet bleeding

A

PetechiaL rash

Surface of skin

22
Q

Haemophilia bleeding types

A

Large suffusions
A b c haemophilia
Muscle or joint bleed

23
Q

What is thrombocytopenia

A

Condition in which you have low blood platelet count

24
Q

What and where is the apex beat

A

Strongest heartbeat
Left 5th intercostal space
Mid clavicular line

25
Q

Right heart border ?

A

Svc and right atrium

26
Q

Left heart border ?

A

Aortic knuckle
Left pa
La appendage
Lv

27
Q

Anterior heart border

A

Right ventricle

28
Q

Posterior heart border

A

Left atrium and pulmonary veins

29
Q

What divides the posterior and inferior mediastinum

A

Plane between sternal angle , t4/5

30
Q

Contents of superior mediastinum

A 
Descending aorta 
Oesophagus 
Thoracic duct 
Azygos vein
Vagus nerve
31
Q

Role of vagus verve

A

Motor - innervate muscles of the pharynx

Sesnosry - for the epiglottis

32
Q

Function of papillary muscles

A

contract during systole to prevent prolapse of the valve into atria

33
Q

Function of chordate tendinae

A

Help to maintain and support the position of valves

34
Q

What is cardiac tampendade

A

Extra fluid in the pericardium

35
Q

Function of Christa terminalis

A

Anatomic conduction barrier

36
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain blood into

A

Into the right atrium

37
Q

What is the fossa oval is

A

Remains of the foremen ovale which was patent in foetal life which separated the two atria

38
Q

Where do the coronary arteries run

A

In the grooves such as between ventricle and atria

39
Q

What does the left main stem coronary artery brain into

A

Lad and circumflex artery

40
Q

What does the right main stem coronary artery branch off into

A

Acute marginal

PDA

41
Q

What groove does the LAD run in

A

Anterior interventricul groove

42
Q

Principal site of resistance to vascular flow ?

A

Arterioles

43
Q

Pulse pressure ?

A

Systolic _ diastolic pressure

44
Q

Most potent vasoconstrictor

A

Endothelin-1

45
Q

Where are the primary baroreceptors located

A

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

46
Q

Anp?

A

Atria natriuretic peptide

47
Q

how does skeletal muscle differ from cardiac

A

Cardiac muscle is striated, branching and contains intercalated discs- these features
are not found in skeletal muscle

48
Q

define tachycardia and bradycardia

A

tach - bmp over 100

brady bmp less than 60

49
Q

What causes blood to flow closer to the skin

A

Vasodilation

50
Q

Which layer of blood vessels contain endothelial cells that reduce the friction of blood

A

Tunica intima

cardiology and respiratory (10 decks)

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