blood and plasma

Question 1

This is/these are responsible for synthesizing coagulation factors and fibrinogen

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

precursor for an enzyme that lyses clots

Answer 2

plasminogen

Question 3

Constitute the coagulation cascade

Answer 3

A series of proteolytic enzymes that circulate in plasma in an inactive form and generate thrombin when activated

Question 4

Cleaves fibrinogen to create fibrin

Answer 4

thrombin

Question 5

released upon cell activation and contains a high conc of a molecule that acts as an agonist

Answer 5

platelet dense granules

Question 6

what is blood made from

Answer 6

plasma , red blood cells

Question 7

what does plasma consist of

Answer 7

Water
Electrolytes
Hormones
Proteins

Question 8

what is serum

Answer 8

lood plasma without the clotting factors

Question 9

what are erythrocytes and structure , lifespan

Answer 9

RBC

principal vessels for delovering oxygen to tissue
Biconcave tissue to increase SA

120 days

Question 10

where are erythrocyte’s produced

Answer 10

red bone marrow of long bones

uses eryhtropoetin made in kidneys

Question 11

what is haemotocrit

Answer 11

percentage of rbc in blood

Question 12

low haemotocrit can be caused by?

Answer 12

anaemia , not enough rbc

Question 13

what are leukocytes

Answer 13

wbc

Question 14

what can leukocytes be split into

Answer 14

angranulocytes and granulocytes

Question 15

examples of granulocytes

Answer 15

basophils. neutrophils and eosinophils

Question 16

main function of neutrophils

Answer 16

front line of defence during acute inflammation, phagocytosis

Question 17

main function of basophils

Answer 17

Immune surveillance

produces histamine

Question 18

examples of agranulocytes

Answer 18

monocytes and lymphocyte

Question 19

what do lymphocytes produce

Answer 19

t cells, b cells, natural killer cells

Question 20

structure of platelets

Answer 20

enucleated and discoid shaped

Question 21

function of platelets

Answer 21

formation of a platelet plug to achieve haemostasis

Question 22

what is haemostasis

Answer 22

process to prevent and stop bleeding

Question 23

summary of primary haemostasis

Answer 23

platelet plug formation

vessel injury- adhesion- activation- aggregation

Question 24

summary of secondary haemostasis?

Answer 24

coagulation cascade

fibrin clot formation

Question 25

what do alpha granules contain

Answer 25

vvf, thromboxane a2, fibrinogen

Question 26

what is fibrinogen

Answer 26

inactivated form of fibrin

Question 27

how to activate fibrinogen

Answer 27

use of thrombin

Question 28

what factors of coagulation cascade depend on vitamin k

Answer 28

x, ix, vii, ii

1972

Question 29

what are blood group classified by

Answer 29

on the presence of specific antigen and antibodies

Question 30

Process of platelet plug formation

Answer 30

Damage to endothelium in blood vessel in response, endothelin 1 is released and collagen beneath is exposed
Platelets bind to vwf via their gp1b receptor
Causes platelet to change shape and release alpha and electron dense granules
More platelets join to each other with fibrinogen and gp2b/3a receptors

Question 31

Extrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade

Answer 31

TF and active factor 7a help to activate factor 10a
Factor 10a converts prothrombin to thrombin
Fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 32

Why is blood group O the universal donor

Answer 32

Does not contain any antigens

Question 33

Why is AB the universal acceptor

Answer 33

Contains no antibodies

Question 34

Rhesus factor

Answer 34

Rh + can receive both pos and neg

But neg can receive neg

Question 35

What is normal haematocrit

Answer 35

Balance between erthyropoiesis and haemolysis