blood and plasma Flashcards
This is/these are responsible for synthesizing coagulation factors and fibrinogen
liver
precursor for an enzyme that lyses clots
plasminogen
Constitute the coagulation cascade
A series of proteolytic enzymes that circulate in plasma in an inactive form and generate thrombin when activated
Cleaves fibrinogen to create fibrin
thrombin
released upon cell activation and contains a high conc of a molecule that acts as an agonist
platelet dense granules
what is blood made from
plasma , red blood cells
what does plasma consist of
Water
Electrolytes
Hormones
Proteins
what is serum
lood plasma without the clotting factors
what are erythrocytes and structure , lifespan
RBC
principal vessels for delovering oxygen to tissue
Biconcave tissue to increase SA
120 days
where are erythrocyte’s produced
red bone marrow of long bones
uses eryhtropoetin made in kidneys
what is haemotocrit
percentage of rbc in blood
low haemotocrit can be caused by?
anaemia , not enough rbc
what are leukocytes
wbc
what can leukocytes be split into
angranulocytes and granulocytes
examples of granulocytes
basophils. neutrophils and eosinophils
main function of neutrophils
front line of defence during acute inflammation, phagocytosis
main function of basophils
Immune surveillance
produces histamine
examples of agranulocytes
monocytes and lymphocyte
what do lymphocytes produce
t cells, b cells, natural killer cells
structure of platelets
enucleated and discoid shaped
function of platelets
formation of a platelet plug to achieve haemostasis
what is haemostasis
process to prevent and stop bleeding
summary of primary haemostasis
platelet plug formation
vessel injury- adhesion- activation- aggregation
summary of secondary haemostasis?
coagulation cascade
fibrin clot formation
what do alpha granules contain
vvf, thromboxane a2, fibrinogen
what is fibrinogen
inactivated form of fibrin
how to activate fibrinogen
use of thrombin
what factors of coagulation cascade depend on vitamin k
x, ix, vii, ii
1972
what are blood group classified by
on the presence of specific antigen and antibodies
Process of platelet plug formation
Damage to endothelium in blood vessel in response, endothelin 1 is released and collagen beneath is exposed
Platelets bind to vwf via their gp1b receptor
Causes platelet to change shape and release alpha and electron dense granules
More platelets join to each other with fibrinogen and gp2b/3a receptors
Extrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade
TF and active factor 7a help to activate factor 10a
Factor 10a converts prothrombin to thrombin
Fibrinogen to fibrin
Why is blood group O the universal donor
Does not contain any antigens
Why is AB the universal acceptor
Contains no antibodies
Rhesus factor
Rh + can receive both pos and neg
But neg can receive neg
What is normal haematocrit
Balance between erthyropoiesis and haemolysis
