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cardiology and respiratory > cardio anatomy > Flashcards

cardio anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is the epicardium made from

A

Adipose tissue, vessels & nerves underlying the pericardium

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2
Q

what is the thickest layer of the heart that contract

A

myocardium

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3
Q

what is the endocardium

A

inner layer of the heart, made of endothelial cells

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4
Q

order of the outer layers of the heart

A

endocardium, myocardium and epicardium

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5
Q

what is in the anterior mediastinum

A

thymus, lymph node, thyroid tissue

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6
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a fibro- serous fluid filled sac which separates the heart from the other great vessels

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7
Q

what is the right border of the heart

A

right atrium

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8
Q

inferior border of heart

A

left and right ventricles

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9
Q

what supplies the heart with blood

A

coronary arteries

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10
Q

branches of right coronary

A

right marginal
posterior interventricular artery
RMA

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11
Q

what dies the right coronary artery supply

A

right atrium right ventricle

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12
Q

right marginal artery supplies?

A

right ventricle and apex of the heart

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13
Q

what does the posterior interventricular artery supply

A

Av node

Interventricular sulcus of heart posterior 1/3

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14
Q

three branches of L CORONARY

A

left marginal
left anterior descending
circumflex

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15
Q

what does the LAD supply

A

anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

LV RV

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16
Q

what does the lma supply

A

l ventricle

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17
Q

what does left circumflex artery supply

A

l atrium

l ventricle

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18
Q

What percentage of people have their PIV artery branch off the RCA?

A

90%

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19
Q

SA node supply

A

60- right coronary

40- left coronary

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20
Q

AV node supply

A

70- rca
20 rca and lca
10 lca only

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21
Q

where is the apex of the heart found

A

5th intercostal left space along mid clavicular line

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22
Q

what two valves are found in the 2nd intercostal space

A

aortic and pulmonary

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23
Q

what two valves are found in the 5th intercostal space

A

tricuspid and mitral

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24
Q

at what T level does the aortic arch end at

A

T4

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25
Q

ORIGIN OF PHRENIC NERVE

A

c3-c5

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26
Q

phrenic nerve innervates what important muscle ?

A

diaphragm

27
Q

where does the right phrenic pass and what level does it reach the diaphragm

A

along the right lung root, and descends anteriorly at t8

28
Q

where does the vagus nerve pass and function

A

behind the right lung root

Parasympathetic innervation to all organs in abdomen and thorax

29
Q

at what level does the vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm

A

T10

30
Q

Where is the main source of total peripheral resistance

A

arterioles

31
Q

difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation and pathway

A

pulmonary- heart to lungs RV to pulmonary trunk which divides into left and right PA

Returns via the 4 PA to LA

systemic- heart to rest of body
LV THROUGH TO AORTA
Returns via svc into ra

32
Q

end diastolic volume definition

A

Volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole ~130 mL.

before contraction

33
Q

What does the azygos vein connect

A

Svc and ivc

34
Q

What are the three branches of the aortic arch

A

Braciocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

35
Q

What does the braciocephalic trunk branch into

A

Right subclavian and right common carotid (external )

36
Q

superior heart border

A

left and right atria and the great vessels

37
Q

anterior and posterior heart surface

A

ant- rv

pos- la

38
Q

inferior heart surface

A

l and r v

39
Q

left and right pulmonary heart surface

A

left- LV

right- RA

40
Q

ROLE of coronary sulcus

A

divide the atria and ventricles

41
Q

location of atrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid- between right atria and v

mitral- LA and LV

42
Q

ROLE OF AV VALVES

A

CLOSE DURING VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

43
Q

location of the semilunar valves

A

pulmonary- l and r v and the pulmonary trunk

aortic- LV and ascending aorta

44
Q

role of semilunar vavles

A

make the second heart sound
dub
shut during ventricular diastole

45
Q

Branches of external carotid

A

SALFOPMS

superior thyroid 
Ascending pharangyeal 
Lingual 
Facial 
Occipital 
Posterior auricular
Maxillary 
Superficial temporal
46
Q

Where do the coronary vessels arise from

A

Ascending aorta

47
Q

Branches of the subclavian artery

A

VITC & D

vertebral artery 
Internal thoracic 
Thyrocervical trunk 
Costalcervical trunk
Dorsal scapular
48
Q

Where is the coronary sinus located

A

Right atrium

49
Q

What makes the s1 heart sound and where are those valves located

A

Closure of av valves during ventricular contraction

Located in fifth intercostal space

50
Q

What makes the s2 sound and where are those valves located

A

Closure of the sl valves

2nd intercostal space

51
Q

How many embryological arches does the aorta have

A

6

52
Q

What does the aorta bifurcate into and where

A

Right and left common iliac artery at l4

53
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

How the aorta and pulmonary trunk are connected

54
Q

What do the branches of the aorta supply

A

Right subclavian right upper limb and head and neck
Left common carotid lifetime side of head and neck
Left subclavian supply the left side of upper body

55
Q

Root of left phrenic nerve

A

Descends anteriorly to left lung root
Crosses aortic arch
Pierces and innervates the inferior surface of diaphragm

56
Q

Pathway of svc

A

Arises from union of left and right brachiocephalic veins
Descends vertically through the superior mediastinum
At c2 enters the middle mediastinum

57
Q

Example of referred heart pain with coronary arteries

A

Blockage of coronary arteries patient may feel pain in jaw and shoulder rather than in the heart

58
Q

What does the 5th embryological aortic arch turn into

A

Nothing

59
Q

What does the 1st and 2nd embryological aortic arch turn into

A

1- maxillary artery

2- stapedial artery

60
Q

which artery supplies the pda to give rigt dominance

A

right coronary artery

61
Q

what will occlusion to LAD and RCA cause

A

LCA- CONDUCTING ability is affected

RCA- inferior myocardial infarction

62
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation to the heart

A

Vagus

63
Q

which nerve innervates the pericardium

A

phrenic

64
Q

Function of left atrial appendage

A

can act as a decompression chamber when atrial pressure is high.

cardiology and respiratory (10 decks)

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