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Anatomy Y2 > Cardiological systems 1 > Flashcards

Cardiological systems 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What blood vessels are responsible for extra dural haemorrhages?

A

Cerebral bridging veins

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2
Q

What blood vessels are responsible for sub dural haemorrhages?

A

Middle meningeal arteries

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3
Q

What blood vessels are responsible for sub arachnoid haemorrhages?

A

Cerebral arteries

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4
Q

What are the main pairs of veins draining the head?

A

Internal and external jugular veins

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5
Q

Fracture of what part of the skull may result in extra dural haematoma?

A

Pterion

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6
Q

What 2 pairs of vessels supply the brain with blood?

A

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries

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7
Q

How does the internal carotid enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the carotid canal

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8
Q

What supplies the neurohypophysis? What do they allow?

A

Hypophyseal arteries they allow releasing factors to be carried from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis

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9
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the internal carotid artery? Where does it split into these branches

A

Anterior and middle arteries

Splits into them lateral to the optic chiasm

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10
Q

What artery supplies the primary motor and sensory cortices for the whole body (excluding the leg)?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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11
Q

What blood vessel does the vertebral artery arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

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12
Q

How does the vertebral artery enter the cranial cavity?

A

Through the foramen magnum

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13
Q

What is the largest branch of the vertebral artery and what does it supply?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, which supplies the inferior aspect of the cerebellum

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14
Q

Where do the 2 vertebral arteries go?

A

They converge at the junction of the medulla and pons to form the basilar artery

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15
Q

What is the basilar artery formed from?

A

The convergence of the 2 vertebral arteries

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16
Q

What does the superior cerebral artery supply?

A

The superior aspect of the cerebellum

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17
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

The visual cortex of the occipital lobe and the inferomedial aspect of the temporal lobe

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18
Q

What are the internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems are joined by?

A

Posterior communicating arteries

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19
Q

What are the numerous small vessels penetrating the surface of the brain called?

A

Perforating arteries

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20
Q

What are the 2 groups of perforating arteries?

A

Anterior and posterior perforating arteries

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21
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery pass into?

A

The great longitudinal fissure

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22
Q

What do strokes related to the carotid artery lead to?

A

Focal epilepsy, a contralateral sensory/motor deficit and a psychological deficit (e.g. aphasia)

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23
Q

What do strokes related to the vertebrobasilar circulation lead to?

A

Focal brainstem syndrome

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24
Q

What symptoms follow an aneurysm?

A

A sudden severe headache and neck stiffness are followed by coma and neurological deficit

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25
Q

What is angioma?

A

A congenital collection of swollen blood vessels that can rupture

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26
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery pass into?

A

Lateral fissure

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27
Q

What is the principal terminal branch of the basilar artery?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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28
Q

What is different about veins in the brain?

A

They dont have valves

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29
Q

What veins drain the internal structures of the forebrain ?

A

Deep cerebral veins

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30
Q

What do the internal cerebral veins form when they unite?

A

Great cerebral vein

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31
Q

What is the great cerebral vein continuous with?

A

The straight sinus

32
Q

Where do the superficial veins lie?

A

Within the subarachnoid space

33
Q

Where do the superior cerebral veins empty?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

34
Q

Where does the superficial middle cerebral vein empty?

A

Cavernous sinus

35
Q

What is the dural venous sinus formed by?

A

The 2 layers of the dura mater

36
Q

What drains into the dural venous sinus?

A

The deep and superficial cerebral veins

37
Q

Where do the superior sagittal and straight sinus converge?

A

Confluence of sinuses

38
Q

What sinus is continuous with the sigmoid sinus?

A

Transverse

39
Q

What does venous drainage of the brain involve?

A

Deep veins, superficial veins and dural venous sinuses

40
Q

What do the deep cerebral veins drain into?

A

The great cerebral vein

41
Q

What sinus is the great cerebral vein continuous with?

A

Straight sinus

42
Q

What do the superficial veins empty into?

A

Superior sagittal sinus and the cavernous sinus

43
Q

Where does venous blood flow after the confluence of sinuses?

A

Via the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus, into the internal jugular vein

44
Q

What is the brachial artery a continuation of?

A

Axillary artery

45
Q

Where does the brachial artery terminate and into what?

A

Terminates just distal to the elbow joint where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries

46
Q

Whats the largest branch of the brachial artery?

A

Profunda brachii artery

47
Q

Where does the profunda brachii artery run?

A

The posterior compartment of the arm

48
Q

How does the profunda brachii artery enter the posterior arm?

A

Through the triangular interval, which is formed by the shaft of the humerus, the inferior margin of the teres major muscle, and the lateral margin of the long head of the triceps muscle

49
Q

What are the main veins of the arm and where do they run?

A

Paired brachial veins pass along the medial and lateral sides of the brachial artery

50
Q

What are the other veins of the arm?

A

Basilic vein

Cephalic vein

51
Q

What does the radial artery originate from and where?

A

The brachial artery at the neck of the radius

52
Q

Where does the radial artery penetrate the hand?

A

Between the bases of metacarpals I and II

53
Q

What in the hand does the brachial artery supply?

A

The thumb and lateral side of the index finger

54
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve lie in comparison to the ulnar artery?

A

Immediately medial

55
Q

Where does the ulnar artery enter the hand?

A

By passing lateral to the pisiform bone

56
Q

What is the major artery supplying the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

57
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery

58
Q

What supplies the gluteal region?

A

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

59
Q

What supplies the medial component of the thigh?

A

Obturator artery

60
Q

How is collateral circulation in the thigh created?

A

Anastomotic network of many of the arteries in the thigh

61
Q

What 2 channels do the superficial veins of the thigh form?

A

The great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein

62
Q

What do the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein originate from?

A

Dorsal venous arch in the foot (great from the medial side, small from the lateral side)

63
Q

What does the great saphenous vein connect with and where?

A

Femoral vein just inferior to the inguinal ligament

64
Q

What does the small saphenous vein connect with and where?

A

Popliteal vein posterior to the knee

65
Q

What artery is the major blood supply to the foot?

A

Popliteal artery

66
Q

What supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

67
Q

What supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

68
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Circumflex fibular artery

Fibular artery

69
Q

What anatomical sight does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

Lateral border of the first rib

70
Q

What anatomical sight does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

L1-2

71
Q

What anatomical sight does the brachial artery bifurcate into radial and ulnar arteries?

A

Cubital fossa

72
Q

What anatomical sight does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

Inguinal ligament

73
Q

What anatomical sight does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

Popliteal fossa

74
Q

What anatomical sight does the popliteal artery become the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

A

Lower margin of teres major

75
Q

What anatomical sight does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

76
Q

What anatomical sight do the renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta?

A

L3

Anatomy Y2 (11 decks)

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