Abdomen & Pelvis 2 Flashcards
What are the borders of the abdominal cavity?
Costal margin
Mid axillary line
Inguinal ligament
What is the peritoneum?
Lining of abdominal cavity
Thin serous membrane
What marks the boundary between abdominal and pelvic cavity?
Pelvic brim
What covers the posterior surface once the abdomino-pelvic organs are removed?
Parietal peritoneum
What are abdominal organs covered in?
Visceral peritoneum
What is visceral peritoneum continuous with?
Parietal peritoneum
Where is the stomach found?
Mostly above the costal margin in the upper left quadrant
What attaches the jejunoileum to the posterior abdominal wall?
Jejunoileum
What ligament attaches the stomach to the transverse colon?
The gastrocolic ligament
What lobe of the liver covers the stomach?
Left lobe
What is the way out and in of the stomach?
In: gastro-oesophageal junction
Out: pylorus
What narrow part of the stomach leads to the pylorus?
Pylroric antrum
What is the bulge of the stomach after the gastro oesophageal junction?
Fundus
What is the outer layer of the stomach formed of?
Smooth muscle
What is the inner layer of the stomach formed of?
Mucosa
At both entrance and exit of the stomach what structure can be found?
Sphincter
What extends from the greater and lesser curve of the stomach?
The greater and lesser omentum
What does the lesser omentum connect?
Lesser curve of the stomach and underside of liver, extends to the duodenum too
What pocket is found behind the lesser omentum?
Omental bursa or lesser sac
What are the attachments of the greater omentum?
Greater curve of stomach
On front it attached to coils of small intestine and then hangs free
Back attached to transverse colon
What does the stomach develop from?
The foregut
What are the attachments of the foregut?
Dorsal mesogastrium (behind) Ventral mesogastrium (in front)
What develops in the ventral mesogastrium?
Liver
What develops in the dorsal mesogastrium?
Spleen
How is the lesser sac formed?
The liver expands and obliterates some of the omentum
What 3 structures does the lesser sac lie behind?
Lesser omentum
Stomach
Gastrocolic ligament
What are the parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum and jejunoileum
What is the peritoneal attachment of the jejunoileum?
Mesentery
How are the duodenum and jejunoileum visibly separated?
Duodeno-jejunal flexure
What is the inner curve of the duodenum occupied by?
The head of the pancreas
What 2 ducts join to the second part of the duodenum?
Pancreatic and bile ducts
What part of the GI tract lies furthest back?
Duodenum
What is the proximal attachment of the duodenum?
Distal part of lesser omentum
What is the distal attachment of the duodenum?
Suspensory ligament
What is the only entryway to the omental bursa?
Epiploic foramen
What is the boundary between jejunum and ileum?
There isn’t one
How long is the jejunoileum?
6 metres
What happens to the jejunoileum as it progresses?
Becomes narrower, thinner walled and less vascular
How is the jejunoileum attached to the posterior abdominal wall?
By the mesentery
What does the mesentery contain?
Blood vessels and nerves
What does the inside of the jejunoileum look like?
Mucosa has folds that are more pronounced in the jejunum than in the ileum
What increases surface area of the jejunoileal mucosa?
Villi
How does the ileum join the large intesting?
Ileo-cecal valve
What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?
Caecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anal canal
What fossa does the caecum lie in?
Right iliac fossa
What are the 4 sections of the colon?
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
How is the colon different to the small intestine?
Longitudinal muscle is not continuous, it is gathered into tenia coli
Mucus membrane is smooth, there are no villi
What are the outward bunches of the colon called?
Haustra
Where does the ascending colon end?
Right hepatic flexure
What clings to the anterior surface of the transverse colon?
Greater omentum
How is the transverse attached to the posterior abdominal wall?
Transverse mesocolon
Where does the transverse colon end?
Splenic flexure
