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Vet Sci > Cardio & Resp > Flashcards

Cardio & Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal Pleura

A

Thicker part fo the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity and medistinum

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2
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Delicate inner layer that lines the outer surface of the lungs

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3
Q

Diaphragm

A

Moves up and down to get air into the lungs. Primary muscle of resperation, voluntary striated skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Phenic nerve

A

Motor nerves to the diaphragm causing it to contract

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5
Q

Intra pleural space

A

Vacuum/negative pressure. The lungs can’t inflate without negative pressure

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6
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Gets air into and out of the lungs

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7
Q

Aveolar sacs

A

Tiny sacs at the end of the bronchials. responsible for gas exchange & regulates pH of blood

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8
Q

Air

A

O2 + glucose–> ATP + energy + Co2 + H2O. O2- 21%, Co2- 400ppm, Nitrogen- 79%, Helium-5.2ppm

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9
Q

Tidal volume

A

How many cc of air are you breathing per insperation

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10
Q

Respiratory alcholosis

A

Response to hyperventalation. Co2 goes down, O2 goes up, H2Co3 goes down pH goes up

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11
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Co2 up H2Co3 up pH down potassium up HR down–> cardiac arrest

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12
Q

5 etiologies that cause repiratory acidosis

A

1) Pneumothorax- Air intra pleural space
2) Hemothorax- Blood intra pleural space
3) Pyothorax- pus
4) Chylothorax- Chyle
5) Hydrothorax- Fluid, mesothelioma

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13
Q

Pneumonia

A

Foreign liquid material in the aveolar sacs like pus

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14
Q

Pulmonary Contusions

A

Bruise on the lungs

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14
Q

Emphysema

A

Smoke breaks down the yellow elastic tissue in the body, the alveolar sacs loose their elasticity and makes it hard to get Co2 out of lungs.

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14
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Water moving out of the bloodstream and into the aveolar sacs. Cats are predisposed to getting pulmonary edema, always triple check IV drip rates

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15
Q

Heaves

A

Common term used for horses due to dust build up in barns. Another word for emphysema

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16
Q

Pericardial sac

A

Surrounds the heart and reduces friction on the lungs

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17
Q

Medial septum

A

Divides the left and right sides of the heart

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18
Q

Vena Cava

A

Largest vein in the body. Superior carries blood from head, neck, arms, and chest. Inferior carries blood from the legs feet and organs in the abdomen and pelvis

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19
Q

Heart valves

A

The right AV (atrioventricular)/tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, the left AV (atrioventricular)/bicuspid/mitral valve, aortic valve

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20
Q

Iliac vein

A

Carrys blood from the legs to the vena cava high in Co2

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21
Q

Renal vein

A

Carrys blood from the kidneys to the vena cava high in Co2

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22
Q

Hepatic vein

A

Carrys blood from the liver to the vena cava high in Co2

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23
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

The one exception in the body that has O2 in the blood being carried to the heart

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24
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Blood that is oxygenated that will go to the body

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25
Q

Layers of the Heart

A

Epicardium- reduces friction, thin, outside myocardium
Myocardium- Pumps blood, smooth red muscle
Endocardium/endothelium- prevents blood clots, inside heart

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26
Q

Trace RBC

A

Vena cava–> Right atrium–> Right AV–> Right Ventricle–> Pulmonary valve–> pulmonary artery–> lungs (gas exchange)–> Pulmonary veins–> left atrium–> left AV–> Left ventricle–> Aortic valve–> Aorta–> body

27
Q

Diastole

A

Filling the chambers of the heart with blood

28
Q

Systole

A

The heart contracts and sends the blood out to the body

29
Q

Heart sounds

A

Lub- Closing of the right and left AV valves, Dub- closing of the pulmonary and aortic valves

30
Q

Cardiac output

A

How much blood pumped from the left ventricle out to body in 1 min

31
Q

Cholinergic nerves

A

Release acetylcholine, parasympathetic

32
Q

Adrenergic nerves

A

Release Epinephrine, sympathetic

33
Q

Endocrine Hormones

A

Epinephrine, cortisol, thyroxine, glucagon. Fight or flight sympathetic NS all cause HR, BP, and cardiac output to elevate

34
Q

Pacemaker system

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node, Atrial ventricular node (AV), Bundle of HIS, Purkinje system

35
Q

Patient ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

The ductus arteriousus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetal heart. Primary symptom is pulmonary edema

36
Q

Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Sidtal to the pomonary valve, right side fo the heart will enlarge. Primary symptoms are enlarged heart and asides.

37
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

Opening in the medial septum in the heart, entire heart will enlarge.

38
Q

AV insufficiency

A

Valves start to shrink, 10+ years old, mitral valves usually. Diuretic, low sodium diet, drugs to lower BP, Digoxin (digitalis plant)

39
Q

Vegetative endocarditis

A

Bacteria attaches to the mitral valves and they wall off as a deffence.

40
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Scar tissue replaces muscle, auto-immune disease, poor prognosis. Diuretic, low sodium, low BP drugs, digoxin

41
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Something wrong with the paricardial sac, like blood leaking into it usually due to hemangiosarcoma

42
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Myocardial infarction (heart attach) Un likely in animals

43
Q

Cardiac compensation

A

Tachycardia, hypertrophy myocardium, dilatation of chamber

44
Q

Cardiac emergency

A

Heart stops pumping blood. Cardiac arrest- EKG will show flat line, massage heart give drugs
Cardiac Fibrilation- EKG will show wild waves, heart muscles are contracting at different times, needs defibrillator

45
Q

Capillary

A

Bridge between arteriole and venule

46
Q

Artery Vs. Vein

A

1) Location– Artery (Deep) Vein (superficial)
2) Valves– Artery (no due to BP) Vein (yes)
3) BP– Artery (120/80mm/Hg) Vein (3/0mm/Hg)
4) Wall thickness– Artery (thick) Vein (Thin)

47
Q

Shock

A

Venus/capillary pooling of blood

48
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Low volume of blood

49
Q

Signs of shock

A

Pale MM, Tachycardia, BP drops, body temp drops

50
Q

Treatment of shock

A

IV cath and warm fluids, NaHCO3 in fluids, +/- corteco steroids IV, +/- stop bleeding, +/- blood transfusion

51
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of gas or solute from high to low concentration

52
Q

Gas exchange

A

Diffusion of O2 and Co2

53
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal resperation

54
Q

Diaphragmatic hernia

A

Tear in the diphragm

55
Q

Na, K, H2Co3

A

Sodium, potassium, carbonic acid

56
Q

Atelectasis

A

Partial or complete collapse of the lung

57
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excess potassium in the blodstream

58
Q

Hypercapnia/hypercabia

A

elevated Co2

59
Q

Chylomicron

A

Dietary fat particles

60
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Stores the chylomicrons

61
Q

Vascular

A

Blood vessels

62
Q

Verminous embolism

A

worms in the lungs

63
Q

Septic embolism

A

Bacteria that abstructs a blood vessel

64
Q

Hemangiosarcoma

A

Connective tissue tumor, blood vessel tumor

65
Q

Aneurism

A

Artery wall starts to thin and bulge

66
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Low pH in the bloodstream happens in all types of shock

Vet Sci (9 decks)

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