A&P final Flashcards
Spermatazoa
Male gametes
spermatogenesis
process by which sperm prodiction occurs
Epididymis
Organ that is storage for the spermatozoa
Sperm devlopment steps
Primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatids, spermatozoa
2 main functions of the of the testes
Spermatogenesis, and hormone production
Interstitial cells
Produce male sex hormones
Adrogens
Male sex hormones
Testosterone
Hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics, and builds muscle
Sperm
Head, midpiece, long narroe tail. head contains the payload of the cell, nucleus. Mid peice is the power house
Acrosome
Caplike structure that covers the head of sperm. Contains enzymes that help penetrate the egg
Gubernaculum
A band of connective tissue that attaches the testes to their eventual permanate home in the scrotom before birth.
Inguinal rings
2 slitlike openings in the abdominal muscles
Cremaster muscle
A bandlike muscle that attaches to the scrotum, can adjust the position of the testes relative to the body
Spermadic cords
Link the testes with the rest of the body
Pampiniform plexus
interactive mesh work of tiny veins derived from the testicular veins. helps cool the blood from the rest of the body going to the testes
Vas deferens/ductus deferens
Moves the sperm from the epididymis up to the urethra when ejaculation occurs
Seminal vesicles
Store and produce the mojority of the fluid that make up the semen
Prostate gland
Produce fluid that nurishes and transports sperm
Bulbourethral glands/cowpers gland
Secrete the mucinous fluid just before ejaculation that clears and lubricates the urethra for the passage of semen
2 erectile tissue structures
Corpus cavernosum urethrae
Corpus cavernosum penis
Penis of the horse
Corona glandis- widest part
urethral process- the distal end of the urethra extends from a central depression
Fossa glandis- the tip of the penis
Sigmoid flexure
nonerect penis of the bull, ram, and boar is normally bent into an S shape
Oligodendroglia cell
Flat, wraps themselves around the axon and becomes the Myelin sheath
Astrocytes
blood brain barrier, bridge between the blood and the brain protecting it
Microglia
Phagocyte cell
Neuron to conduct electricity
O2-Blood supply
Glucose-Blood supply
No pressure
Afferent
Sensory nerve carrying messages back to the brain
Efferent
Motor nerves carry messages away from the brain
Neocorte
Outer layer of brain, grey matter. Not as engaged and thick in animals as it is in people. This is helpful in vet med makes it easier for animals to come back from injury unlike people.
Cerebral Hemispheres
Largest parts of the brain
Cerebellum
muscle Coordination
Pituitary gland
Produce and release several hormonnes that help with things like metabolism and reproduction
Choroid plexus
Prodution of CSF
Medulla oblangata
controls heart function, part of the autonomic nervous system
Hypothalamus
Autonomic nervous system. Above the pituitary gland. Produces hormones that will be released by the pituitary gland, CNS nuclei control many things we are not in control of
Medulla oblangata CNA nuclei
Emetic center, Cough center, Pneumotaxic Center, Cardiac Inhibitory center, Meninges
Etiologies of inflammation
Burns
Allergy/histamine
Ischemia
Autoimmune disease
Neoplasia
Foreign body- Bacteria, virus, fungus
Cytokines
Small proteins when released they signal the immune system to do its job. Crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells.
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Mt & Smell
Mt & Vision
Mt & eye movement, pupil size
Mt & Eye movement
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Both & Sensory- head Motor- Teeth
MT & Facial expresion
Both & M- Muscle sof face, tear glands, salivary glands, S- Taste buds
S & Hearing and balance
Glossopharengeal
Vagus
Spinal accessory
Hypoglossal
Both & M- Swallowing and sallivation S- Taste
Both & M- Larynx, pharynx, abdominal, thoracic, S-Resp and GI tract
Mt & Movement of the head
Mt & Movement of the tounge
