Cardio Pathologies Pneumonia Flashcards
What is pneumonia
Inflammatory condition of the lung leading to abnormal alveolar filling with consolidation and exduation, normally alveoli filled with air, pneumonic one filled with fluid
Pathology behind pneumonia
Infective organism causes inflammatory response, which becomes leaky and fills with fluid-blood= fibrin (pneumonic consolidation) means diffusion is limited
Pathology 2.0 of pneumonia
Infection or chemical aspiration irritant during pulmonary infection, acute inflammation results in migration of neutrophils out of capillaries and into air spaces these cells phagocytise and release anti microbial enzymes and inhibitors= more inflammation and oedema
What are the 4 stages of pneumonia
Congestion- inflammatory
Rep hépatisation
Gray hépatisation
Resolution
Causes
Bacteria Influenza Fungi Virus Parasites Chemical aspiration Inhalation
What’s cap
Community acquired pneumonia
What’s hap
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Signs and symptoms of pneumonia
Fever, malaise, fatigue, coughing, tactile fremitus,
Palpation- dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain, loss of appetite, rapid heart beat
Nausea, wheezing, confusion, diarrhoea
What would you expect to find when palpating someone with pneumonia
Chest expansion decreased on affected side, tactile fremitus is increased, breathing pattern fast, shallow breathing and shortness of breath symptoms of pneumonia
What tools could you use to asses pneumonia
Auscultate listening for crackles, decreased breath sounds or bronchial breath sounds
Take a heart rate
Take a chest x ray- to see if there are pulmonary infiltrates, collapse or consolidations
Borg breathlessness scale
Blood pressure
Oxygen sats
Treatment of pneumonia
Sputum clearing techniques like positioning, breathing exercises
What’s tactile fremitus
Refers to the vibration of the chest wall that results from sound vibrations transmitted through lung tissue, examine feels back of chest wall feeling for changes in intensity, consolidation causes fremitus
What would you observe in someone with pneumonia
Cough may produce sputum, fever or sweating, sob, rapid shallow breathing, fatigue, loss of appetite
Why would you auscultâtes someone with pneumonia
To listen for crackles, decreased breath sounds, or added bronchial sounds
You place it on the upper, middle and lower zones of the lungs to listen to where the sputum is so it directs your treatment techniques
What happens in the congestion phase of pneumonia
Vascular engorgent, intra alveolar fluid and bacteria, lung is heavy boggy and red
