Cardio Pathologies (cardiac Disease) Flashcards
What’s CVD
Cardio vascular disease which Is a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels also associated with damage to the arteries, brain and kidneys
What are some of the types of CVD
Coronary heart disease, cerebral vascular accidents/strokes, transient ischaemic attacks(ministroke), peripheral vascular disorder, aortic disease
What’s coronary heart disease
Disease where arteries are blocked or narrowed, includes angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure
Risk factors of cardio vascular disease
Genetic, lifestyle and environmental, age, gender, social deprivation, smoking diet, exercise, alcohol, blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes
Symptoms of CHD
When a coronary artery is occluded, pain, discomfort, pressure, tightness, numbness, dizziness, SOB is due to narrowed airways , heart burn, sweating, clammy skin because pumping blood through clogged arteries is more effort for the heart so body sweats to keep temperature down, sweating, rapid HR, nausea, swollen ankles due to oedema which happens when there’s a blockage in a blood vessel
What’s angina
Chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart
What are the 4 types of angina
Stable happens at predictable times due to stress or exercise
Unstable happens when demand placed on heart
Variant when coronary artery goes into spasm
Microvascular affects smallest of vessels
What’s a myocardial infarction
When the blood supplying oxygen to the hear is severely reduced or cut off results in ischaemic of heart and scar formation
Symptoms of a myocardial infarction
Sweating, cold, clammy skin because pumping blood through clogged arteries takes more effort from the heart so body sweats to keep temperature down, dizzy due to abnormal heart rate or narrowing of a valve, feel breathless ,nausea, vomiting believed to be associated with inferior wall infarction, tissue death, pain, discomfort, fast or uneven heart beat due to narrowed arteries
What objective assessment could be used on patients with CVD
Auscultation- the 4 heart valves
Heart rate monitoring, pulse rate and quality
Respiratory rate (spirometry)
Blood pressure reading- to look for any blood pressure abnormalities is it abnormal to 120/80 which is what it should be could indicate hypertension or hypotension
Oxygen sats displays percentage of oxygen in the blood, a normal blood oxygen saturation should be around 95-100%
Cxr
What should you be specifically observing in a patient with CVD
Normal body habitus (thin or obese), obese could suggest high risk of cholesterol blocking arteries to heart Clubbing of fingers or cyanosis, skin colour, temp, texture
Why do you get clubbing in the fingers and toes
Symptom of disease often heart or lungs which cause chronically low levels of oxygen or diseases that cause malabsorption
What is cyanosis and why do you observe it in a CVD patient
Cyanosis is when your lips turn blue, it means there’s not enough oxygen in the blood or you have poor blood circulation
What would you palpate when someone has a CVD
Palpate carotid, and brachial pulse, palpate chest to find apex beat, thrills and heaves
Treatments for MYI
Cardiac rehab
