Cardio Meds Flashcards
x
b. Digoxin
c. Anti- arrhythmias
d. HTN
ACE inhibitors
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
e. Morphine
f. Statins
g. Nitrates
h. Diuretics
i. Anticoagulants
j. Stool softeners
x
Digoxin
inhibit abnormal pathways of electrical conduction through the heart
Anti-Arrhythmics
Thiazide diuretics
Loop diuretics
Potassium-retaining diuretics
Antihypertensives
prevent peripheral vasoconstriction by Blocking Conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (AII)
Ace-Inhibitors
Tx HTN & HF
avoid K+ anything
ACE & ARBs
also used for their cardioprotective effect after MI
ACE
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
prevent peripheral vasoconstriction & secretion of Aldosterone & block binding of AII to type 1 AII receptors
ARBs
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Decrease cardiac contractility (negative inotropic effect by relaxing smooth muscle) & workload of the heart, decreasing need for oxygen
Calcium Channel Blockers
promote vasodilation of coronary & peripheral vessels
Calcium Channel Blockers
Angina
Dysrhythmias
HTN
Calcium Channel Blockers
Caution w/ HF, Bradycardia, & AV block
Calcium Channel Blockers
MI Unstable Angina Atrial Fibrillation DVT PE Presence of Mechanical Heart valves
Anticoagulants (when evidence or likelihood of clot formation)
Activate plasminogen.
Plasminogen generates plasmin (enzyme that dissolves clots)
Thrombolytics
used in early course of MI to restore blood flow, limit MI damage, preserve L-ventricular function, & prevent death
Thrombolytics
Arterial Thrombosis
DVT
Occluded shunts or Catheters
PE
Thrombolytics
inhibit sodium-potassium pump, thus increasing intracellular calcium, which causes the heart muscle fibers to contract more efficiently
Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)
Produces a positive inotropic action, which increases force of Myocardial infarctions.
Produces a Negative dromotropic, which slows HR & slows conduction velocity through AV node.
Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)
Increase myocardial Contractility increases Cardiac, Peripheral, & Kidney function by increasing CO, Decreasing Preload, improving blood flow to periphery & kidneys, decreasing Edema & increasing fluid excretion resulting in decreased fluid retention in lungs & extremities
Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)
HF Cardiogenic Shock Atrial Tachycardia Atrial Fibrillation Atrial flutter
Digoxin (Cardiac Glycoside)
Antianginal medications;
produce Vasodilation
Nitrates
Decrease Preload & Afterload & Reduce Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
Nitrates (Antianginal)
Contraindications:
Significant Hypotension, Increased Intracranial Pressure, Severe Anemia, combined w/ erectile dysfunction tx.
Nitrates (Antianginal)
prevent the Extension & Formation of Clots by Inhibiting Factors in the Clotting Cascade & Decreasing Blood Coagulability.
Anticoagulants
Inhibit aggregation of Platelets in the clotting process, thereby prolonging bleeding time.
Antiplatelets (may be used w/ anticoagulants)
used in prophylaxis of long-term complications following mI, Coronary Revascularization, Stents, (stroke)
Antiplatelets
inhibit response to B-adrenergic stimulation, decreasing CO
Beta Blockers
block release of catecholamines, epinephrine, & norepinephrine, Decreasing HR & BP
Beta Blocker
Decrease workload of the heart & decrease oxygen demands
Beta Blockers
Angina Dysrhythmias HTN Migraine Headaches MI prevention Glaucoma
Beta Blockers
reduce serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, or low-density lipoprotein (elevations increase risk for CAD)
Statin (antilipemic)
In many cases, diet alone will not lower blood lipid levels, medication is needed
Statin (antilipemic
Increase Na+ & water Excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule of the kidney
thiazide diuretics
Used for:
Hypertension
Peripheral Edema
(not effective for immediate diuresis)
Thiazide Diuretics
Contraindicated in Renal Failure
Thiazide Diuretics
Inhibit Na+ & Chloride reabsorption from loop of Henle Distal Tubule
Loop Diuretics
More potent; Cause Rapid diuresis decreasing Vascular fluid volume, CO, & BP
Loop Diuretics
cause water & electrolyte depletion , increase uric acid levels, & excretion of calcium
Loop Diuretics
For: HTN Pulmonary Edema Edema associated w/ HF Hypercalcemia Renal Disease
Loop Diuretics
act on distal tubule to promote Na+ & water excretion & K+ retention
Potassium-Retaining diuretics
For:
Edema.
HTN.
to Increase Urine Output.
Tx fluid Retention & Overload associated w/ HF.
Ascites resulting from cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome.
Diuretic-induced Hypokalemia.
Potassium-Retaining diuretics
