Cardio Labs Flashcards
Elevations indicate Myocardial Injury or Infarction
Cardiac Troponins
serum marker
a regulatory Protein found in Striated Muscle (skeletal & myocardial); Increased amounts release into bloodstream when infarction causes damage to Myocardium
Cardiac Troponins
serum marker
<0.20 ng/mL
Cardiac Troponins T
serum marker
<0.03 ng/mL
Cardiac Troponins I
serum marker
Elevation indicates MI
Myoglobin
serum marker
<90 mcg/L
Myoglobin
serum marker
an Oxygen-binding Protein that is found Striated (Cardiac & Skeletal) muscle, Releases Oxygen at very Low Tensions; Released into bloodstream with Any injury to muscle.
Myoglobin
serum marker
Elevations indicate possible Brain, Myocardial, & Skeletal muscle Necrosis or Injury.
(CK)
Creatine Kinase
(serum Cardiac enzyme)
Females 30-135 units/L
Males 55-170 units/L
(CK)
Creatine Kinase
(serum Cardiac enzyme)
Values higher after exercise
(CK)
Creatine Kinase
(serum Cardiac enzyme)
0% total
CK-MB (CK2)
serum Cardiac enzyme
Elevations occur w/ Myocardial Injury or After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty & Intracoronary Streptokinase Infusion
CK-MB (CK2)
serum Cardiac enzyme
Enzyme found in muscle & brain tissue that reflects tissue catabolism resulting from cell Trauma.
CK
serum Cardiac enzyme
performed to detect myocardial or skeletal muscle damage or central nervous system damage
CK
serum Cardiac enzyme
- CK-MB
- CK-MM
- CK-BB
- CARDIAC muscle
- BRAIN tissue
- MUSCLES (skeletal)
400-1000 mg/dL
total lipids
Elevation indicates increased risk for Coronary Artery Disease
122-200 mg/dL
Cholesterol
144-280 mg/dL (Older adult)
(serum lipid)
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
Cholesterol
serum lipid
35-160 mg/dL
Trigylcerides
(serum lipid
Female: 35-135 mg/dL
Male: 40-60 mg/dL
Elderly: 55-260 mg/dL
Trigylcerides
(serum lipid
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
Trigylcerides
(serum lipid
Females >55 mg/dL
Males >45 mg/dL
(elderly: range increase w/ age)
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein
(serum lipid)
Elevations Protect Against CAD
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein
(serum lipid)
60-180 mg/dL
>65 yr: 92-221 mg/dL
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein
(serum lipid)
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein
(serum lipid)
< 1.0 mg/dL
CPR
C-Reactive Protein
(serum lipid)
Elevation may Indicate Tissue Infarction or Damage
CPR
C-Reactive Protein
(serum lipid)
HDL
LDL
TRIGLYCERIDES
LIPID ASSESSMENT
>60
<150
Synthesized in the liver from Fatty Acids, Protein, Glucose, & are obtained from Diet.
Triclycerides
risk for CAD
> LDL
>Triglycerides
helps protect against CAD
HDL
are used to identify clients w/ HF
Natriuretic Peptides (Neuroendocrine Peptides)
synthesized in Cardiac Atrial Muscle
ANP
Atrial Natriuretic Peptides
synthesized primarily in Cardiac Ventricle muscle
BNP
Brain Natriuretic Peptides
synthesized by Endothelial cells
CNP
C-type Natriuretic Peptides
Primary Marker for identifying HF as the cause of Dyspnea
BNP
The higher the BNP level, the more severe the
HF.
If the BNP level is elevated, Dyspnea is due to HF; If Normal, Dyspnea is due to Pulmonary Problem
Is released in response to ventricular Stretch; serves as a marker for HF
BNP
<100 pg/mL
BNP
The Higher the levels, the more severe the HF
an elevation indicates Myocardial Damage
30-170/ 0% of Total
CK-MB
Creatine Kinase, Myocardial Muscle
Increases Atherosclerotic Plaques & Increases Clots; Values should be < 30 mg/dL
Lp (a)
Lipoprotein-a
Modified form of LDL
Detects an Inflammatory Process such as that associated w/ the development of Atherothrombosis
hsCRP
highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein
low risk ( 3 mg/dL) For Heart Disease
hsCRP
highly sensitive C-Reactive Protein
Elevated levels may increase risk of Cardiovascular disease; should be < 14 mmol/dL
Homocysteine
small amount of protein in urine has been a marker for Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease
Microalbuminuria
Decreases in Rheumatic Heart Disease & Infective Endocarditis
Red Blood Cell Count
Increases in conditions characterized by inadequate Tissue Oxygenation
4.2-6.1 mill/uL
Red Blood Cell Count
F: 4.2-5.4
M: 4.7-6.1
Increases in Infectious & Inflammatory diseases of the Heart & after MI because large numbers are needed to dispose of the Necrotic Tissue resulting from the Infection
5000-10,000 /mm3
White Blood Cell Count
Can result from vascular Volume Depletion
37%-52%
Elevated Hematocrit
F: 37-47%
M: 42-52%
can indicate anemia
Decreases in Hemoglobin & Hematocrit levels
An increase can occur during & after MI, which places the client at greater risk for thrombophlebitis & extension of Clots in coronary Arteries
Increase in Coagulation factors
12-18 g/dL
Hemoglobin
F: 12-16 g/dL
M: 14-18 g/dL
150,000-400,000 /mm3
platelets
11-12.5 sec
PT
Prothrombin Time
0.8-1.1
INR
Increased time indicates possible deficiency of clotting factors V & VII.
Decrease time may indicate Vitamin K excess.
PT/ INR
Vit K clots (antidote)
