Cardio 3

Question 1

Failure of the Heart to Pump Adequately, thereby reducing CO & compromising tissue perfusion.
Necrosis of more than 40% of L-Ventricle (result of occlusion of major coronary vessels).

Answer 1

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 2

Maintain Tissue Oxygenation & Perfusion & Improve Pumping ability of the heart.

Answer 2

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 3

Acute or chronic inflammation of pericardium.

Answer 3

Pericarditis

Question 4

Constricts the Heart, Causing Compression.

Pericardial sac becomes inflamed.

Answer 4

Chronic Pericarditis (chronic inflammatory thickening of pericardium)

Question 5

can result in loss of pericardial elasticity or an accumulation of fluid within the sac.
HF or Cardiac Tamponade may result.

Answer 5

Pericarditis.

Question 6

Acute or Chronic Inflammation of Myocardium as result of Pericarditis, Systemic Infection, or Allergic Response.

Answer 6

Myocarditis

Question 7

Inflammation of the Inner lining of the Heart & Valves

Answer 7

Endocarditis

Question 8

occurs primarily in:
IV drug abusers,
Valve Replacements or Repairs w/ Prosthetic Materials,
Other Structural Cardiac defects.

Answer 8

Endocarditis

Question 9

Oral Cavity (dental procedures),
Infections (cutaneous, genitourinary, GI, systemic),
Surgery or Invasive Procedures including IV placement.

Answer 9

Ports of entry for infecting organism: Endocarditis

Question 10

occurs when space between Parietal & Visceral layers of Pericardium fills w/ fluid.

Answer 10

pericardial effusion (risk for Cardiac Tamponade)

Question 11

accumulation of Fluid in pericardial cavity

Answer 11

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 12

restricts Ventricular filling & CO drops

Answer 12

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 13

can occur when small volumes (20-50 mL) of fluid accumulate rapidly in Pericardium

Answer 13

Acute Cardiac Tamponade

Question 14

Occurs when Heart Valves cannot fully open (stenosis) or Close Completely (insufficiency / regurgitation).
Prevents efficient blood flow through the heart

Answer 14

Valvular Heart Disease

Question 15

Valvular tissue Thickens & Narrows the valve Opening, Preventing Blood from Flowing from the Left Atrium to Left Ventricle

Answer 15

Mitral Stenosis

Question 16

Valve is Incompetent, Preventing complete valve closure during systole

Answer 16

Mitral insufficiency/Regurgitation

Question 17

valve leaflets protrude into L-Atrium during Systole

Answer 17

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 18

Valvular tissue Thickens & narrows the valve opening, Preventing blood from flowing from Left Ventricle into Aorta

Answer 18

Aortic Stenosis

Question 19

Valve is incompetent, preventing complete valve closure during Diastole

Answer 19

Aortic Insufficiency / Regurgitation

Question 20

(associated w/ an inflammatory process)

When developed, inflammation occurs, thickening the vein wall & leading to embolization.

Answer 20

Thrombus: Venous Thrombosis

Question 21

more serious than a superficial thrombophlebitis because of risk for PE

Answer 21

Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis

Question 22

chronic disorder in which Partial or Total Arterial Occlusion Deprives lower extremities of Oxygen & Nutrients

Answer 22

Peripheral Artery Disease

Question 23

Tissue damage occurs below the level of the Arterial Occlusion.
Artherosclerosis is the most Common cause.

Answer 23

Peripheral Artery Disease

Question 24

abnormal dilation of Arterial wall caused by localized weakness & stretching in Medial Layers of wall of Aorta; Can be located anywhere along abdominal aorta

Answer 24

Aortic Aneurysms

Question 25

goal of tx is to limit progression of disease by modifying risk factors, controlling BP to prevent strain, recognizing symptoms early to prevent rupture

Answer 25

Aortic Aneurysms

Question 26

120-139/80-89

Answer 26

Prehypertension

Question 27

Stage 1 Hypertension

Answer 27

140-159/90-99

Question 28

Stage 2 Hypertension

Answer 28

160/100

Question 29

Major risk factor for Coronary, Cerebral, Renal, & Peripheral Vascular Disease

Answer 29

Hypertension

Question 30

disease is initially asymptomatic

Answer 30

Hypertension

Question 31

Any clinical condition requiring immediate reduction in BP; Acute & Life-threatening condition

Answer 31

Hypertensive Crisis

Question 32

requires emergency tx b/target organ damage (brain, heart, kidneys, retina) can occur quickly

Answer 32

Hypertensive Crisis

Question 33

Death can be caused by stroke, kidney failure, or cardiac disease

Answer 33

Hypertensive Crisis