Cardio 3 Flashcards
Failure of the Heart to Pump Adequately, thereby reducing CO & compromising tissue perfusion.
Necrosis of more than 40% of L-Ventricle (result of occlusion of major coronary vessels).
Cardiogenic Shock
Maintain Tissue Oxygenation & Perfusion & Improve Pumping ability of the heart.
Cardiogenic Shock
Acute or chronic inflammation of pericardium.
Pericarditis
Constricts the Heart, Causing Compression.
Pericardial sac becomes inflamed.
Chronic Pericarditis (chronic inflammatory thickening of pericardium)
can result in loss of pericardial elasticity or an accumulation of fluid within the sac.
HF or Cardiac Tamponade may result.
Pericarditis.
Acute or Chronic Inflammation of Myocardium as result of Pericarditis, Systemic Infection, or Allergic Response.
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the Inner lining of the Heart & Valves
Endocarditis
occurs primarily in:
IV drug abusers,
Valve Replacements or Repairs w/ Prosthetic Materials,
Other Structural Cardiac defects.
Endocarditis
Oral Cavity (dental procedures),
Infections (cutaneous, genitourinary, GI, systemic),
Surgery or Invasive Procedures including IV placement.
Ports of entry for infecting organism: Endocarditis
occurs when space between Parietal & Visceral layers of Pericardium fills w/ fluid.
pericardial effusion (risk for Cardiac Tamponade)
accumulation of Fluid in pericardial cavity
Cardiac Tamponade
restricts Ventricular filling & CO drops
Cardiac Tamponade
can occur when small volumes (20-50 mL) of fluid accumulate rapidly in Pericardium
Acute Cardiac Tamponade
Occurs when Heart Valves cannot fully open (stenosis) or Close Completely (insufficiency / regurgitation).
Prevents efficient blood flow through the heart
Valvular Heart Disease
Valvular tissue Thickens & Narrows the valve Opening, Preventing Blood from Flowing from the Left Atrium to Left Ventricle
Mitral Stenosis
Valve is Incompetent, Preventing complete valve closure during systole
Mitral insufficiency/Regurgitation
valve leaflets protrude into L-Atrium during Systole
Mitral valve prolapse
Valvular tissue Thickens & narrows the valve opening, Preventing blood from flowing from Left Ventricle into Aorta
Aortic Stenosis
Valve is incompetent, preventing complete valve closure during Diastole
Aortic Insufficiency / Regurgitation
(associated w/ an inflammatory process)
When developed, inflammation occurs, thickening the vein wall & leading to embolization.
Thrombus: Venous Thrombosis
more serious than a superficial thrombophlebitis because of risk for PE
Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis
chronic disorder in which Partial or Total Arterial Occlusion Deprives lower extremities of Oxygen & Nutrients
Peripheral Artery Disease
Tissue damage occurs below the level of the Arterial Occlusion.
Artherosclerosis is the most Common cause.
Peripheral Artery Disease
abnormal dilation of Arterial wall caused by localized weakness & stretching in Medial Layers of wall of Aorta; Can be located anywhere along abdominal aorta
Aortic Aneurysms
goal of tx is to limit progression of disease by modifying risk factors, controlling BP to prevent strain, recognizing symptoms early to prevent rupture
Aortic Aneurysms
120-139/80-89
Prehypertension
Stage 1 Hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension
160/100
Major risk factor for Coronary, Cerebral, Renal, & Peripheral Vascular Disease
Hypertension
disease is initially asymptomatic
Hypertension
Any clinical condition requiring immediate reduction in BP; Acute & Life-threatening condition
Hypertensive Crisis
requires emergency tx b/target organ damage (brain, heart, kidneys, retina) can occur quickly
Hypertensive Crisis
Death can be caused by stroke, kidney failure, or cardiac disease
Hypertensive Crisis
