Cardio 5

Question 1

What are the aims of genomics?

Answer 1

Understanding genes and the underlying mechanisms that affect gene expression and allow us to predict whether patients or subjects will develop the disease or not

Question 2

What are SNPs?

Answer 2

Single nucleotide polymorphisms - one base pair is changed

Question 3

How many genetic markers and SNPs in a microarray?

Answer 3

1.8 million genetic markers including more the 906,600 SNPs

Question 4

How many genes have been discovered to be involved with hypertension?

Answer 4

~20

Question 5

What is copy number variation and what size is it?

Answer 5

Variation in the number of copies of larger segments via deletion of insertion of copies of the genome (10kb – 5mb)

Question 6

What % of the human genome to copy number variations make up?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

What are the features of IncRNAs?

Answer 7

100bp: chromatin modification - DNA folding

Question 8

What are the features of microRNA?

Answer 8

• 20-22bp -short
• Transcribed by genome, float around in cell nucleus and bind to mRNA (complementary sequence)
• Can degrade mRNA or block transcription and translation
• Present in lots of tissues and can circulate in blood

Question 9

Why does RNA degrade quite quickly?

Answer 9

Don’t want it hanging around to make excess proteins

Question 10

What is the microarray process?

Answer 10

Collect samples, convert to cDNA, hybridize to microarray, can have up to half a million genes on microarray – red= higher expression and green= lesser expression

Question 11

What things are overexpressed in the kidney cortex of hypertensives?

Answer 11

Renin mRNA, miR-181a

Question 12

How do genes and environment contribute to essential hypertension?

Answer 12

30% genetics, 70% environment

Question 13

What % of the genome does not code for proteins?

Answer 13

98%

Question 14

What do red and green mean in microarray?

Answer 14

Red = high expression
Green = low expression