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Summative > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

AA Diameter

<3

A

No further testing

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2
Q

AA Diameter

2.5 - <3

A

rescreen w/ US after 10 years

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3
Q

AA Diameter

3.0 - 3.9

A

repeat US every 3 years

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4
Q

AA Diameter

Men 4.0 -4.9
Women 4.0 - 4.4

A

Repeat US annually

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5
Q

AA Diameter

men > 5.0
women > 4.5

A

repeat US every 6 months

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6
Q

AA Diameter

men > 5.5
Women > 5.0

A

repair recommended

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7
Q

AA Diameter

What are additional indications for surgery?(5)

A
  1. increase in aneurysm size by > 0.5 cm within 6 months
  2. chronic abdominal pain
  3. thromembolic complications
  4. iliac or femoral artery aneurysm causing lower limb ischemia
  5. aneurysms > 4.5 cm in pts w/ marfan syndrome
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8
Q

Aortic dissections types?

A

Stanford: Type A (Type I and II) and Type B (Type III)
Debakey: Type 1 (AA + ARCH), Type II ( only AA), Type III ( DA - > Diagphram)

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9
Q

Aortic dissection treatment?

A

Type A: Surgery
Type B: medically ( beta blockers, aspirin)

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10
Q

What is virchows triad?

A
  1. stasis
  2. endothelial damage
  3. hypercoagobility
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11
Q

First test for arterial occlusion dx?

A

doppler US

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12
Q

BP medication for African Americans?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

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13
Q

Infective endocarditis dx how?

A

need 2 blood cultures from 2 different areas

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14
Q

PAD dx how?

A

ABI first but CTA is absloute

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15
Q

Tearing chest pain tx?

A

Nicardipine

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16
Q

SVT tx?

A

adenosine

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17
Q

Sepsis steps

A
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18
Q

Kid ina motor vehicle accident w/ bradycardia and spinal shock tx?

A

atropine

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19
Q

Lacted ringers contain what?

A

calcium

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20
Q

Heart score

A
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21
Q

Centor critera

A
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22
Q

Reyes syndrome/ kawaski tx?

A

aspirin

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23
Q

Inadequate allen test do not perform what?

A

swan ganz catheter

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24
Q

52 y/o F w/ SOB and no strenous activity

A

Class 2

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25
Q

57 y/o EF< 30 w/ no life threating arrythmia needs what?

A

bivent pacemaker to help atria and ventricles beat

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26
Q

Aortic aneurysm location?

A

superior to common iliac artery bifurcation

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27
Q

Cardiomyocytes fast action potential during phase 2?

A

Ca 2+ influx

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28
Q

Diastolic dysfunction manifests as?

A

HTN

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29
Q

Tx to reduce afterload and ventricle CHF?

A

acei

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30
Q

Restrictive myopathy is described as?

A

no change in chamber size

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31
Q

Increased NA reabsorption occurs where?

A

PCT

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32
Q

Beta blockers for reduced EF is?

A

bisrprolol

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33
Q

What is the risk w/ increased digoxin toxicity?

A

increased serum creatinine

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34
Q

opening snap arrythmia?

A

a fib

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35
Q

coarcation of aorta is?

A

bicuspid

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36
Q

Percardial friction rub is?

A

worse w/ lying down and better w/ sitting up

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37
Q

SVT first line tx?

A

vagal manuever

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38
Q

24 y/o ED pt w/ N/V/D treatment choice?

A

ceftriaxone

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39
Q

What is the minimum duration for anticoagulation for a fib?

A

3 weeks

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40
Q

7 y/o w/ dark urine (strep glumorlonephritis) most approriate txt?

A

furosemide to reduce edema

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41
Q

72 y/o w/ stable vitals confused, abdominal pain and w/ generalized weakness (hypercalcemia, dehydration) tx?

A

0/9 % sodium chloride

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42
Q

Calcium carbonate should be taken how?

A

1500 BID

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43
Q

35 y/o Er w/ chest pain and ST elevation? dx? tx?

A

prinzmetal and amlodipine

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44
Q

GFR is gold standard for what?

A

chronic kidney disease

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45
Q

Chlorathalidone inhibits what?

A

sodium chloride cotransporter

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46
Q

acei decreases what?

A

proteinuria

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47
Q

43 y/o w/ hx of thyroidectomy what does he need?

A

calcium carbonate

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48
Q

Increased creatine w/ bilateral renal artery stenosis tx?

A

losartan

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49
Q

loss of DTR tx?

A

clacium gluconate

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50
Q

Despompressin monitor what?

A

BMP

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51
Q

67 y/o w/ breats cancer needs?

A

fluid restriction

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52
Q

Hypertension can be caused by medication?

A

prednisone

53
Q

57 y/o w/ BP 180/120 has a?

A

hypertensive emergency

54
Q

In an ischemic stroke do not lower what?

A

BP

55
Q

Medication that increased the risk of Gout?

A

Chlorthalidone

56
Q

First line tx for reduced EF?

A

ARNI

57
Q

A fib rate control medication?

A

dilitizem

58
Q

A fib rythm control medication?

A

Flecainide

59
Q

Torsades tx?

A

sotalol

60
Q

adverse effect of dofetilide?

A

QT prolongation

61
Q

Bradycardia sympts next step?

A

monitor

62
Q

A fib at home blood thinner tx?

A

rivarixiban

63
Q

patent ductus causes?

A

decreased sensitivity to 02

64
Q

Term infant is at risk for?

A

PT occlusion

65
Q

Increased SVR and decreased co tx?

A

milrinone

66
Q

58 y/o newly diagnosed w/ type 2 diabetes HBA1c is 8.8 tx?

A

metformin and dulaglutide

67
Q

liraglutide MOA?

A

Mimics gluocse lirepeptide 1

68
Q

Insulin aspart onset?

A

10 mins

69
Q

metform can cause?

A

renal insuffiecency

70
Q

18 y/o to ER for N/V first step?

A

0.9 % sodium chloride bolus

71
Q

What does calcitration do?

A

increased absorption from GI tract

72
Q

2 gram elemetal should be given how?

A

7500 BID

73
Q

what is a dopamine agonist?

A

cabergo

74
Q

Dequervin tx?

A

naproxen

75
Q

HF w/ reduced EF tx?

A

Empagliflozin

76
Q

45 yo African American type 2 DM tx?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

77
Q

which medication is known to decrease mortality in the treatment of stable ischemic heart disease?

A

losartan

78
Q

which medication should be given to a patient within the first 24hours of STEMI presentation?

A

Carvedilol

79
Q

which of the following is a cardioselective beta blocker?

A

metoprolol

80
Q

propanolol increases the risk for which ADR?

A

depression

81
Q

vignette: ECG shows inferior MI do not give what?

A

nitroglycerin

82
Q

for prinzmetal angina which medication would you give to prevent symptoms?

A

amlodipine

83
Q

highest pecentage of sodium reabsorption occurs where?

A

PCT

84
Q

what is the most common ADR associated with amlodipin

A

gingival hyperplasia

85
Q

which medication is recommended in the treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction?

A

bisprolol (NOT propanolol)

86
Q

sick sinus syndrome (SSS), what is the next best step?

A

atropine

87
Q

59yo M, hx - CHF, sxs x 2wks, stable vitals, irregular HR, LVEF <40%, what is the first line medication?

A

metoprolol

88
Q

pt unstable, EKG: narrow AVNRT, what is first-line treatment?

A

cardioversion

89
Q

pt has a mitral valve prolapse and anxiety/palpatations w/o dyspnea or exercise intolerance. how to treat?

A

beta blockers

90
Q

what is the first-line treatment for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in full term infants?

A

percutaneous transcatheter occlusion

91
Q

which medication will decrease systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and increase cardiac output (CO)?

A

milrinone

92
Q

which medication is used first-line in preventing myoischemia for patients with stable angina?

A

metoprolol

93
Q

what is the next step in the treatment of symptomatic bradycardia after treating with atropine?

A

transcutaneous pacemaker

94
Q

what is the maximum atropine dose given?

A

3mg

95
Q

what is an adverse drug reaction from using atropine?

A

blurred vision

96
Q

which is the following medications can cause heart blocks?

A

diltiazem

97
Q

35yoF, nightly chest pain x 2months, EKG: ST elevations without carotid artery stenosis = “prinzmetal angina”,
how would you treat?

A

CCB (amlodipine)

98
Q

which medication is known to decrease mortality in patients w/ ischemic heart disease?

A

losartan

99
Q

which of the following circumstances would make a patient more at risk for digoxin toxicity?

A

high serum creatinine

100
Q

patient with HF is on all standard GDMT medications, now complains of angioedema, you discontinue the neprilysn inhbitor, what is the next step?

A

add hydralazine

101
Q

which of the following medications is the most a-1 selective?

A

norepinephrine

102
Q

which medication should be given to a fluid overloaded patient?

A

lasix (furosemide)

103
Q

peds resuscitation fluids?

A

0.9% normal saline

104
Q

PDE inhibitor infusion makes infants more at risk for what?

A

apnea

105
Q

what explains why there is a reduced rate of spontaneous ductus arteriosus in preterm infants?

A

decreases sensitivity to oxygen

106
Q

which of the following are considered first-line life modifications for orthostatic hypotension?

A

compression stockings

107
Q

a-1 receptor stimulators effect on CV system?

A

increases mean arterial pressure (MAP)

108
Q

what is the effect of fludrocortisone of patient’s volume status?

A

increases IV volume

109
Q

chest pain, worse with laying down, better with sitting up and leaning forward?

A

pericarditis

110
Q

pt presents w/ possible STEMI symptoms. what should be done next?

A

start ticagrelor

111
Q

stable patient with atrial fibrillation and other SVTs. what should be given for rate control?

A

CCB — diltiazem

112
Q

which valve is most likely to be affected in an IV drug user diagnosed with infective endocarditis?

A

tricuspid valve

113
Q

machine murmur?

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

114
Q

mid systolic murmur that lessens in intensity with squatting and loudens with strain?

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

115
Q

hx of hypertension. diastolic murmur heard best in the upper sternal border which is accentuated with sitting up leaned forward?

A

aortic regurgitation (AR)

116
Q

echocardiogram: no tricuspid valve, ductal dependent lesion?

A

tricuspid atresia

117
Q

narrow QRS, irregular rhythm, >180bpm?

A

rapid atrial fibrillation

118
Q

what is an acute complication of an acute myocardial infarction seen on ECG?

A

mitral regurgitation (MR) — reason: due to papillary mm. or chordae tendineae rupture

119
Q

mcc of cardiogenic shock?

A

MI

120
Q

How dox 56 y/o w/ aneurysm

A

1.5 increase in diameter

121
Q

severe uncontrolled hypertriglyceridemia?

A

pancreatitis

122
Q

55 y/o F w/ jaw claudication tx?

A

corticosteriod

123
Q

compensated shock tx?

A

reestablish adequate perfusion and oxyen delivery

124
Q

55 M w/ stemi activation tx?

A

norepi

125
Q

26 y/o w/ motor vehicle accident w/ narrow pulse preesure tx?

A

percardial centesis

126
Q

65 y/o M w/ pain in both legs with ambulation first line dx?

A

ABI

127
Q

65 y/o M w/ hx of MI tx?

A

unsyndcronized cardioversion

128
Q
A

Summative (14 decks)

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