Cardio 1

Question 1

Name the three main components of the CV system

Answer 1

1. The heart
2. Vasculature
3. The blood

Question 2

What is the heart?

Answer 2

1. A pump that generates pressure to push blood through the vasculature to irrigate itself and other organs and tissues
2. There are two circuits

Question 3

What is the vasculaure?

Answer 3

1. Hold and move blood

Question 4

Whats is the function of the CV system?

Answer 4

Transport molecules and other substances over long distances between cells, tissue and organs (waste and nutrients)

Question 5

What organisms don’t need a circulation system?

Answer 5

The tiny ones as well as jellyfish and sea sponges

Question 6

What is diffusion

Answer 6

The spontaneous movement of particles caused by random thermal motion driven by concentration gradient

Question 7

Whats is convective or bulk flow

Answer 7

The bulk movement of material driven by pressure gradients

Question 8

Give an example of diffusion

Answer 8

Material moving from the blood cells to the body cells that need it

Question 9

Give an example of bulk flow

Answer 9

movement of blood cells to where they need to be (mostly close to exchange areas)

Question 10

It is known that almost all cells of the body are within ____ of capillary for exchange. Why is this distance significant?

Answer 10

100-200 microns
Because diffusion is only effective over a short distance

Question 11

Define J= flux

Answer 11

The flow / Area

Question 12

Define flow

Answer 12

stuff per unit time

Question 13

In the flow formula, what will increase diffusion

Answer 13

Area, solubility and concentration gradient

Question 14

In the flow formula, what will decrease diffusion if it increases

Answer 14

Thickness of the membrane (d) and the molecular weight of a substance

Question 15

What type of circulation do insects have?

Answer 15

open circulation system

Question 16

Do insects transport oxygen? why?

Answer 16

No, they have a different system for that.

Question 17

What is the insect’s system used for?

Answer 17

Transporting nutrients and waste with hemolymph rather than blood

Question 18

Describe the circulation system of insects

Answer 18

The heart has several chambers ending in a valve called the ostiole. The valves close with each contraction, allowing fluid to move from the back to the front.

Question 19

What type of circulation do fishes have?

Answer 19

it’s a single closed-circuit system

Question 20

Describe the circulation of fishes

Answer 20

A single atria collects blood and it then enters the ventricle. The ventricles forces blood to the gills and then systemic circulation before coming back to the atria

Question 21

Where s the blood re-oxygenated in fishes

Answer 21

Via the gill branches

Question 22

What type of circulation do amphibians have?

Answer 22

It’s a closed circuit system with 2 loops

Question 23

Describe the circulation of amphibians

Answer 23

There are two circuits (pulmonocutaneous and systemic) and 3 chambers (2 atria, 1 vent.)Meaning there is some mixing (minimal) of the blood as it passes through the heart

Question 24

What type of circulation do crocodiles and alligators have?

Answer 24

They are a double looped closed circuit with a twist

Question 25

How does the crocodile’s circuit differ from the other mammals?

Answer 25

There is a foramen of Panizza to allow the systemic circulation to bypass the pulmonary circulation when the animal is underwater

Question 26

What type of circulation do mammals have?

Answer 26

A double-looped close circuit