Cardiac Pharmacology Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?
Antiplatelet -Inhibits the production of thromboxane A2
What is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?
Antiplatelet - P2Y12 receptor antagonist . Antagonist of this inhibits ADP binding to its platelet receptor
What is the mechanism of action of enoxaparin?
Activated antithrombin 3 - which then causes the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa
What is the mechanism of action of fonduparinux?
Activates antithrombin 3 - which then causes the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa
When should LFTS be checked in a patient prescribed statins? When should treatment be discontinued if these are abnormal?
Baseline, 3 months and 12 months. Treatment should be discontinued if serum transaminase concentrations rise to and persist at 3 times the upper limit of normal.
What antibiotics group interacts with statins?
Macrolides ( eg erythromycin)
Which diabetic drug can cause worsening of heart failure and fluid retention?
Pioglitazone
What is the mechanism of action of apixiban?
Inhibits activated factor Xa
What is the mechanism of action of alteplase?
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator which catalyses the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin - the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. This is used for thrombolysis
What is the mechanism of action of tirofibran?
Inhibiation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
What is the main mechanism of action of amiodarone?
Blocking potassium channels
What baseline and monitoring bloods need to be done for a patient being started on amiodarone?
Baseline: TFTs, LFTs, U & E, CXR
TFT, LFT every 6 months
What are the main adverse effects of amiodarone?
Thyroid dysfuction Corneal deposits Pulmonary fibrosis Liver fibrosis Peripheral neuropathy Photosensitivity Slate grey appearance Thrmbophlebitis (if IV) ]Bradycardia Long QT
What is the mechanism of action of nicorandil?
A vasodilatory drug - it is a potassium channel activator. Casodialtion occurs through activation of guanylyl cyclase which results in an increase in cGMP
Why do you need to give a loading dose of amiodarone?
Amiodarone has a long half life 0 this means that only a low maintence dose is needed to reach theraputic concentrations. This means that if there wasn’t a high initial dose it would take a long time to reach a steady state concentration.
