Cardiac Kate

Question 0

S1 sound is described as?

Answer 0

“lub”

Question 1

S1 sound is from?

Answer 1

closure of the mitral & tricuspid valves

Question 2

S2 sound results from?

Answer 2

closure of the aortic & pulmonic valves

Question 3

S2 sound is described as

Answer 3

“dub”

Question 4

S3 heart sound results from?

Answer 4

early passive rapid filling of the ventricles, rapid distension of the ventricular walls

Question 5

S4 heart sound results from?

Answer 5

2nd phase of ventricular filling as atria contract and blood flows into ventricles
Rush of blood vibrates valves, papillary mm., and ventricular walls

Question 6

sound made by blood rushing through a narrowed or leaking valves or wall b/w chambers of the heart during systole

Answer 6

systolic murmur

Question 7

sound made by blood rushing through a narrowed or leaking valve or wall b/w chambers of the heart during diastole

Answer 7

diastolic murmur

Question 8

a palpable murmur

vigorous, turbulent blood flow through any narrowed opening

Answer 8

thrill

Question 9

cardiac impulse that is vigorous & can be felt through the chest wall

Answer 9

lift/heave

Question 10

aortic auscultation space

Answer 10

2nd ICS, RSB

Question 11

pulmonic auscultation space

Answer 11

2nd ICS, LSB

Question 12

2nd pulmonic auscultation area

Answer 12

3rd ICS, LSB

Question 13

Tricuspid auscultation area

Answer 13

4th & 5th ICS, LSB

Question 14

Mitral (apex) auscultation area

Answer 14

5th ICS, mid-clavicular line (left)

Question 15

abn finding on JVD measurement? and what this means

Answer 15

JVP > 4 cm above the sternal angle (9 cm above the right atrium) indicates increased right heart pressure

Question 16

JVD measurement tests for?

Answer 16

increased right heart pressure

Question 17

hepatojugular reflex tests for?

Answer 17

fluid overload

Question 18

abn heptaojugular reflex finding?

Answer 18

increased JVP in the neck upon application of pressure to the RUQ near the region of the liver

Question 19

cardiac percussion looks for what?

Answer 19

an estimate of heart siz

Question 20

cardiac percussion technique?

Answer 20

begin at 5th ICS in midaxillary line & percuss medially, listening for onset of dullness

Question 21

cardiac percussion for size can detect? (2)

Answer 21

cardiomegaly

pericardial effusion

Question 22

auscultate w/ pt on left side for>

Answer 22

low pitched murmurs- S3, S4

aortic & pulmonic regurgitation

Question 23

small weak pulses could indicate (2)

Answer 23

cardiomyopathy

dehydration

Question 24

large bounding pulses could indicate (2)

Answer 24

HTN | aortic insufficiency

Question 25

PMI normal size?

Answer 25

2.5 cm or smaller in diameter, or the width of one intercostal space

Question 26

S2 splitting is?

Answer 26

aortic valve closure & pulmonic valve closure, normal upon inspiration

Question 27

pathologic S2 splitting is? and associated conditios

Answer 27

due to the delay in closure of pulmonic valve | conditions: ASD, pulmonic stenosis, RV heart failure, right bundle branch block

Question 28

ventricular gallop rhythm | and why

Answer 28

S1+S2+S3 | usually due to volume overload of ventricle

Question 29

atrial gallop?

Answer 29

S1+S2+S4

Question 30

S4 heart sound...? (2)

Answer 30

pathologic due to resistance to ventricular filling | stiffness of the heart m. (reduced compliance)

Question 31

mid-late systolic clicks could indicate?

Answer 31

mitral valve prolapse

Question 32

grade 1 murmur

Answer 32

barely audible in quiet room

Question 33

grade 2 murmur

Answer 33

quiet but clearly audible

Question 34

grade 3 murmur

Answer 34

moderately loud

Question 35

grade 4 murmur

Answer 35

loud, assoc. w/ thrill

Question 36

grade 5 murmur

Answer 36

very loud, heard w/ stethoscope partially off the chest; thrill

Question 37

grade 6 murmur

Answer 37

heard w/out stethoscope, obvious thrill

Question 38

systolic ejection murmur is what kind of pressure change?

Answer 38

high pressure to high pressure

Question 39

systolic ejection murmur occurs when blood moves where?

Answer 39

LV to aorta

Question 40

systolic ejection murmurs are described how (2)

Answer 40

crescendo-decrescendo | whoosh

Question 41

pansystolic/holosystolic murmurs are due to?

Answer 41

regurgitation across AV valves or VSD

Question 42

pansystolic murmurs are what pressure?

Answer 42

high to low pressure

Question 43

late systolic murmur is typical of what condition?

Answer 43

mitral prolapse

Question 44

cause of early diastolic murmur?

Answer 44

regurgitant flow across leaking semilunar valve

Question 45

mid-diastolic murmur is from what? (2)

Answer 45

turbulent flow across leaking semilunar valve (aortic or pulmonic) mitral/tricuspid stenosis

Question 46

systolic-diastolic murmurs sound is described how?

Answer 46

crescendo-decrescendo

Question 47

systolic-diastolic murmur is due to?

Answer 47

narrowed valve & failure of complete closure of the aortic valve during diastole, w/ leakage of blood back into the LV

Question 48

characteristics of strain phase of valsalva

Answer 48

decreased venous return decreased LV vol decreased BP decreased peripheral venous resistance

Question 49

characteristics of release phase of valsalva

Answer 49

increased LV vol. increased venous return increased BP increased peripheral venous resistance