cardiac embryo 2 Flashcards
separation of conus and trunus artours:
1-Truncus cushions (swellings)
Right –
Left —
2- Cushions Twist around each other
Extend — into–
3-Fuse to form —
- – & — channels
- — from left n right ventricles
superior
inferior
proximally
conus
aortic pulmonary
aortic and pulmonary
outflow
- Two fundamental events are associated with the septation of conus and truncus:
closure of the —
formation of the – - separation of conus and trunks ateriousus:
The interventricular foramen closes by the – week
caudal growth of the —
fusion with – part of the interventricular septum (1)
formation of – part of the interventricular septum ( – the IVF)
inyterventicualr forman
semilunar valves
7th
coral septum
musuclualr
membrenous
closes
persistent trunus arteriosus:
Bulbo truncal ridges fail to — ((0.8/10,000 births)
No dividing –
Single — tract remains
- — , systolic murmur
Always associated with a –
Membranous portion of septum fails to develop—
fuse
septum
outflow
cyanosis
VSD
superiorly
tetralogy of fallot:
9.6/10,000 births
-Unequal division of – region (anterior displacement of conotruncal septum)
-Pulmonary stenosis: —right ventricular outflow
-Large —
-Overriding — : From directly – the septal defect
- — of the right ventricle
-Right to left shunt aka —
-Palpable thrill
-Systolic murmur
-Pulmonary & left sternal border
-Patients characteristically – to improve symptoms
-Chest X-ray
May see a “ – shaped” heart
conotuncal
narrow
VSD
aorta
above
hypertrophy
cyanosis
squat
boot shaped
transposition of the great vessels:
4.8/10,000 births- usually accompanied by a – , sometimes a –
Conotruncal septum fails to – –> runs —
-Not compatible with life unless another shunt is present
-Cyanosis, usually – murmur
PDA
VSD
spiral
straight down
systolic
aortic arches:
-Arise from —
-In — of the —
-Connect to the –
-Appear in — sequence (not all present at the – time)
-The fifth either never– or quickly –
Five arches numbered I-VI
aortic sac
mesenchyme
pharyngeal arches
dosal aortea
cranio-cadual
same
comes
disappears
in aortic arches:
by day 27
1st arch already – and – (rest: — )
2nd arch also quickly –
(rest: stapedial and hyoideal art)
3rd arch –
4th and 6th are in the process of —
by day 29:
— arch already formed and disappeared
(rest: maxillar artery)
– arch also quickly regresses
(rest: stapedial and hyoideal art)
— , — , – arches are large
formed and disappeared
maxillar artery
regresses
large
formation
1st
2nd
3rd 4th 6th
aortic arches full development and loss of symmetry:
3rd arch:
— and —
external carotid: sprout of –
4th arch:
LEFT: Portion of the —
between L Com. Car. and L subcl.
RIGHT: —
(distal R subcl. derives from R dorsal aorta)
6th arch: —
LEFT: L. — + – art.
RIGHT: R. —
common carotid and initial internal carotid
3rd
aortic arch
proximal right subclavian
pulmonary arch
pulmonary art and ductus art
pulmonary artery
ductus arteriosus:
1- pre natal flow is from — to — , has – 02 and – PG ( placental
2- Post-natally – release & PG –
Smooth muscle –
- — , then — closure
- Ligamentum arteriosum
- complete closure around — postnatal
right to left
high
high
bradykinin
drop
contracts
physiological
anatomical
3rd month
failure of closure of ductus arteriousus :
Parent ductus arteriosus
- Postnatal blood flow – to – —
“— ” murmur
- — & —
- May be associated to other – defects
left to right
acytontic
machine like
systole and systole
development
vitelline veins:
-Drain — (& then – )
-Run through developing — to reach —
- — disrupt these veins
- — formed
- Right vitelline vein persists:
Forms —
Distally – – & –
Left vitelline vein obliterates
yolk sac
gut
liver
sinus venosus
liver
hepatic sinusoid
heptocardiac IVC
portal vein and SMV
umbilical veins:
-Pass— to developing –
-Develop connections to —
-Proximal right & left umbilical veins obliterate
-Remainder of right umbilical vein obliterates
1- Left umbilical vein
-Carries all blood from— to–
-Form the— which shunts the –
2- Postnatal changes
Left umbilical vein
=> —
Ductus venosus
=> —
lateral
liver
hepatic sinusoid
placenta
liver
ductus venous
liver
ligaemntum teres
ligamentum vebosum
cardial veins:
- Initially – & —
- Common cardinal veins drain into—
- Anterior – —
- ; Posterior – –
- Additional veins then form:
Supracardinal veins – drain — (azygos)
- — veins – genitourinary & IVC
- —- veins – lower extremities
simple and symmetrical
sinus venous
cranial
caudal
drain body wall
subcardial
sacrocardinal
closure of formen ovale :
Pre-natal circulation
Lungs —
— Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) & arterial pressures
Blood flows from – to–
Post-natal changes in circulation lead to Closure of the —
Lungs –
PVR — –> – RV pressure drops
Pressures now – > –
Complete fusion in —
- lack of fusion leads to — which is usually — , 10-15% w cardiac ultrasound through echocardiogram
deflated
high
right to ledt
inflate
drop
drop
la > ra
1 year
patent forman ovale PFO
asymtpmatuic
Acyanotic – (no cyanosis)
— to — shunt
— Defect
—- Defects
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Cyanotic
— to – shunt
— flow to pulmonary circulation
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
left to right
atrail septal
ventricular septal
right to ledt
reduced
