attributions

Question 1

*‘Attributions are – and – causal –
for behaviour, i.e., how people make meaning of events.
– E.g., ‘Why did this happen?’
* Illness attributions inform how people — illness and relate to — outcomes.
– E.g., – attribution – onset of illness is due to fate, chance,
or luck

Answer 1

implicit and explicit
explanation
understant
psychological
external

Question 2

• How do you decide what has caused a person to behave
  in the way they have?
• People tend to attribute others’ behaviours to — dispositions. Whereas they tend to attribute their own behaviour to — factors. This is known as the— effect.

Answer 2

internal
external
actor-observer

Question 3

Attribution example: Actor-Observer Effect:
The actor-observer bias tends to be more pronounced in
situations where the outcomes are – .
EXAMPLE – Patient-doctor interaction:
When a doctor tells someone that their cholesterol levels are
elevated, the patient might blame factors that are outside of their
control, such as genetic or environmental influences. But what
about when someone else finds out their cholesterol levels are
too high? In such situations, people attribute it to things such as
poor diet and lack of exercise.

Answer 3

-ve

Question 4

attribution errors and illness:

Answer 4

internal attribution for obesity They are lazy, ignorant,
greedy while external there are not the right
facilities or incentives to
encourage activity and
healthy eating
Depression in internal : They are weak and unable
to cope
external: They have experienced
severely stressful life events

Question 5

Attributions are
complex: can be –, — or—

Answer 5

proximal , distal , mediators

Question 6

Causal attributions of illness
* Personality & coping styles:
– Certain personality types (—, type — ) are more prone to
risky health-related behaviours leading to poor health
* Type— and individuals who cope by means of — are
less likely to experience symptoms or attend to internal states → disease progresses and goes unchecked
* — and— aspects of Type A are “toxic components”,
i.e., most predictive of —
* — i.e. some cultures blame evil spirits or evil eye for ill health
* — i.e. one of the major risk factors of chronic diseases like CHD is
aging, however, studies on populations living 100+ in Blue Zones
and aging research is changing this perception
* Stress, illness, and coping style as a mediator

Answer 6

depressed , type d
type a
repression
anger and hostility
CHD
culture
age

Question 7

Self-regulatory model of illness representations/
perceptions
* — : The label given to an illness and the symptoms associated with it
* — : The factors contributing to the development of the illness
(heredity, diet, behaviour, etc.)
* — : Beliefs about how long the illness will last (acute, chronic, cyclical)
* — : Beliefs about the possible effects of the illness on their
life - immediate and long-term
* — /— : Is there a cure? Can this be controlled by
self/others?
* — : Whether the illness makes the patient scared, distressed

Answer 7

identity
causality
timeline
consequences
curability.controllability
emotional
info :
* Ask first….
* Then educate/clarify….
–some beliefs will be accurate, some
inaccurate
–some positive, some negative….
–Best to build on what a person
knows

Question 8

Illness representations and outcomes:
Illness representations have been shown to have – effects on a wide range of outcomes:
* Seeking, using and adhering to medical — ;
* Engagement in — behaviours or behaviour change;
* Attitudes towards use of medicines and treatment choices;
* Illness-related disability and return to work;
* Quality of life

Answer 8

direct
treatment
self care

Question 9

HSE Policy: Making Every
Contact Count (MECC):
➢ The aim of the MECC framework is — disease —
➢ All staff take every opportunity to help patients make
informed— about health related behaviours, lifestyle and health service utilisation.
➢ Staff need – and — in addressing health and
wellbeing needs

Answer 9

chronic disease prevention
choices
knowledge and skills

Question 10

6 key lifestyle factors are:
the make every contact counts:
1- brief advice:
a short opportusinc intervention , everyone accessing the health service( current hospital practice)
2- brief intervention : tools that allows ppl to change their attitude and problems , for those w established lifestyle risk factors
3- extended brief intervention : longer , scope to explore the ambivalence to china , for those w significant health problems
4- specialist services for those who require further support as community service /smoking cessation officer

Answer 10

obesity
mental health
alcohol n drug use
healthy eating
physical acitvity
tobacco use