ANS of thorax Flashcards
spinal cord:
- — for each spinal cord segment (e.g. spinal — )
-Conduction pathway for impulses going to and from the —
- extends from —
reflex centre
spinal reflexes
brain
formane magnum
spinal nerves:
- — pairs
1- – cervical ( — )
C1-8 for — and — limb
2- — thoracic
T1-12 for – limb and —
3- — lumbar
L1-5 for — and— limb
4- — sacral
S1-5 for — limb and —
The urinary and anal sphincters, and the external genitalia, are supplied by —
5- – coccygeal
8
neck
neck and upper
12
upper and thorax
5
abdomen and lower
5
lower and perineum
s2-4
1
spinal nerves are connected to spinal cord by a — & —
1- Sensory
- are —
- Enters — aspect of spinal cord
-Cell body in — ( –root) ganglion
- Ganglion=cluster of neural —- outside the CNS
2- Motor
- are —
- Exits — aspect of spinal cord
-Cell body in — ( —matter)
dorsal and ventral root
afferent
posterior
spinal ( dorsal root)
cell bodies
efferent
anterior
spinal cord ( grey mater)
-Direction of nerve impulse: sensory (afferent) / motor (efferent)
—- the CNS: sensory (afferent) impulse
—- from CNS: motor (efferent) impulse
-Nature of perception: somatic sensory – autonomic (visceral) sensory :
—- sensation: we are acutely aware of these; well localized (e.g. sharp pain, touch) Generally originate in — structures rather than —
— sensation: either imperceptible, only vaguely localizable, or only become perceptible in disease. From — and — organs (viscera)
-Type of action: voluntary motor / autonomic (visceral or involuntary) motor
Voluntary motor impulses control— over which we have— control
Visceral (involuntary) motor or — control muscle over which we do not normally have voluntary control
towards
away
somatic
body wall
internal organs
visceral
blood vessels and internal organs
skeletal muscles
voluntary
autonomic
autonmic nervous system:
1- sympathetic fight or flight:
- Alert, wary, increases heart rate & contractility, blood pressure rises
- Blood vessels to muscles —
-ready for running away
-Pupil — for good — vision
- Bronchioles —
- — sphincters
2- parasympathetic rest and digest:
-Decreases heart rate and contractility
- — the gut tube muscle
-Pupil —
-Bronchioles —
- — sphincters
dilates
dilation
distant
dialtion
close
relaxes
cosnitrction
construction
open
sympathetic nervous system:
Preganglionic ( – ) fibres —
Postganglionic (—) fibres—
preganglionic fibres may run up or down chain before —
Postganglionic fibres may run up or down chain before –
white
myelinated
grey
unmylinated
synapsing
exiting
splanchnic nerves:
Run to— ganglia and — there
Thoracic Splanchnic nerves
Greater - —-
Lesser - —
Least - —
Pierce – of – to go to — ganglia.
- — Splanchnic nerves
- – Splanchnic nerves
para-aortic
synaps
t5 t9
t10 t11
t12
cure of diaphragm
pre vertebral ganglia
lumbar
sacral
thoracic sympathetic trunk:
Continuation of—
Lies under the —
Crosses the —
Continues as – trunk
Thoracic chain has a— for each spinal nerve
T1 commonly joins — , — ganglion to form — Ganglion
- parasympathetic has cranial and vagus nerves has s2-s4
cervical trunk
parietral pleura
diaphragm
lumbar trunk
ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion
satellet
cardiac plexus:
Sympathetic
-Preganglionic cell bodies
Lateral (grey) horn, upper thoracic cord
-Postganglionic cell bodies
Cervical & upper thoracic ganglia in the sympathetic trunk.
-Post ganglionic fibres run to
SA & AV nodes, coronary vessels & cardiac muscle
Parasympathetic
-Preganglionic fibres
vagus N. -relay in heart wall
-Postganglionic fibres
SA & AV nodes, coronary vessels
main function of cardiac plexuses:
Main functions
Regulating — , — of each contraction , —
-Sympathetic
— heart rate
— force of contraction
—- coronary arteries
-Parasympathetic
— heart rate
—- force of contraction
— coronary arteries
heart rate , force, cardiac output
increase
increase
dilate
decrease
reduce
constrict
cardiac pain :
- — death
- — fibres ( —) are stimulated
-These run with — nerves
- — senses also enter at this level
-The brain is — to distinguish between visceral and somatic pain
-Therefore pain interpreted as arising from the — regions ( —- )!!
-However, cardiac pain is variable
- Referred to arm:
Visceral afferents to — and — segments of cord Referred to — dermatomes (arm)
-Referred to jaw:
Afferents from — run along the —
c —– –> pain in – & –
— pain may also travel in this way
myocardiocyte
pain fibres
visceral afferents
sympathetic
somatic
unable
somatic regions
dermatomes
lower cervical and upper thoracic segment
T1-T4
pericardium
phrenic nerve
c 3 4. 5
neck and jaw
osophegal
cardiac pain :
Typical” chest pain:
Crushing retrosternal pain
Radiating to the –,— , —
Other presentations
Mild — discomfort
Severe —
neck jaw left arm
epigastric
nausea
pulmonary plexus:
Sympathetic
- —
- —
(NB – medications)
Parasympathetic (Vagus)
- —-
- — secretion
- —
- — reflex ( – )
brocnhodilation
vasoconsitricotn
brochocnostriciton
mucus
vasodilation
cough
afferent
-pancoast tumour:
Tumour at — apex - may damage nerves positioned at — rib.
-T1 fibres (brachial plexus):
small muscles of —
-Sympathetic chain:
Interrupts impulses to –
Ptosis - ipsilateral partial drooping of –
Miosis - Pupil —
Facial anhidrosis - – glands not innervated
–> — syndrome
lung
1st
hand
head
eyelid
constriction
sweat glands
horners syndrom
