Cardiac Disease

Question 1

Define the term cardiovascular disease

Answer 1

General term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, also associated with damage to the arteries of brain, kidneys and eyes

Question 2

Give four types of CVD

Answer 2

Coronary heart disease
CVA/ TIA
PVD
Aortic disease

Question 3

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

Where coronary arteries and blocked/ narrowed

Question 4

Give three types of CHD

Answer 4

Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Heart failure

Question 5

Give 7 risk factors for Cardiac disease

Answer 5

Age, gender, social deprivation, smoking, diet, exercise, alcohol, blood pressure, cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, ethnicity, family history

Question 6

How occluded is the coronary artery before symptoms appear?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

Give 5 possible symptoms of CHD

Answer 7

Pain, discomfort, pressure, tightness, numbness or burning sensation in chest, arms, shoulders, back, upper abdomen or jaw
Dizziness
SOB
Fatigue
Nausea/ Vomiting
Indigestion/ Heartburn
Sweating/ clammy skin
Rapid HR
Palpitations
Swollen ankles/ legs

Question 8

Define angina

Answer 8

Chest pain due to inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart; tends to be transient normally lasting around 10 minutes

Question 9

What are four types of angina?

Answer 9

Stable
Unstable
Variant
Microvascular

Question 10

What are possible treatments for angina?

Answer 10

Medication
Lifestyle changes
Surgery - angioplasty/ CABG

Question 11

Define myocardial infarction

Answer 11

When the blood supplying the heart is severely reduced or cut off for extended periods of time
Resulting in ischaemia of the heart muscle and scar formation

Question 12

How is a diagnosis made?

Answer 12

Cardiac enzymes, ECG

Question 13

Give 5 possible symptoms of MI

Answer 13

Feeling sweaty/ cold/ clammy
Feeling dizzy
Pain, tingling or discomfort in the upper body
Pain or pressure in chest area
SOB
Nausea and vomitting
Fast or uneven HR

Question 14

Define heart failure

Answer 14

Heart unable to adequately pump blood around the body; usually because it has become stiff and weak

Question 15

Give 7 possible causes of heart failure

Answer 15

HTN, particularly pulmonary HTN
Cardiomyopathies
Damaged valves
Arrhythmia
Congenital conditions 
Viral infections
Chemo
Excessive alcohol
Anaemia
Thyroid disease

Question 16

What are 5 potential symptoms of heart failure?

Answer 16

SOBOE, SOBAR
Swollen feet, ankles, stomach, lower back
Fatigue/ feeling weak

Question 17

What are 5 possible causes of heart valve disease?

Answer 17

Congenital
Rheumatic fever
Cardiomyopathy
MI
Endocarditis
Ageing

Question 18

What are the symptoms of heart valve disease?

Answer 18

SOB
Ankles/ feet swelling
Fatigue

Question 19

In what 2 ways can a valve be affected?

Answer 19

Does not open fully

Does not close properly - valve incompetence