Cardiac Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards
1
Q
Ambulatory Electrocardiography
A
- AKA holter monitor
- Records for 24-48+ hours
- EVALUATES cardiac rhythm, efficacy of meds, and pacemaker function
- Correlated with pt sx + activities
2
Q
Angiography
A
- Injects a contrast into medium blood vessels
- SHOWS location of plaques in coronary arteries and extent of conclusion
- Part or the cardiac catheterization cluster
3
Q
Bronchoscopy
A
- Direct visualization of the bronchial tree
- IDENTIFY tumors, bronchitis, foreign bodies, and bleeding
- Can take biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage
4
Q
Cardiac Catheterization
A
- Catheter inserted into arm or leg + threaded to coronary artery + dye injected
- EVALUATES narrowing or occlusion of the coronary artery + measures BP in the heart + oxygen in the blood
5
Q
Cartoon Ultrasound
A
- Uses sounds waves
- EXAMINES + VISUALIZES structure + function of carotid arteries
- Screen for blockages + evaluates placement of stent
6
Q
Chest radiograph
A
- VISUALIZE the location, size, and shape of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, ribs, and bones of the spine
- Can also show fluid in the lungs or pleural space, pneumonia, emphysema, cancer, and other conditions
7
Q
Computer Tomography (CT)
A
- New models: allow pictures of coronary arteries to be taken without need for catheterization (sometimes)
8
Q
Echocardiography
A
- High frequency sound waves, non-invasive
- EVALUATES the functioning of the heart in real time
- Provides info on size + function of the ventricles, thickness of the septums, and function of the walls, valves, and chambers of the heart
9
Q
Electrophysiological Testing
A
- EVALUATES rhythm + electrical abnormalities in the heart
- Helps locate abnormal tissues that causes cardiac arrhythmias
- INVASIVE 3-5 catheters threaded to heart via blood vessel
10
Q
Fluoroscopy
A
- Stopped being used because too much radiation
- SHOWS the heart + lungs
- Continuous x-ray
11
Q
Invasive hemodynamic monitoring
A
- Continuous monitoring by intra-arterial catheters and intravenous lines
- MEASURES pressure, volume, + temperature
- Swan-ganz is placed in pulmonary artery to get wedge pressure and L atrial pressure
- Thermodilution catheter measures cardiac output
- Central venous pressure line (CVP) measures pressure in vena cava + R atrium
12
Q
MRI
A
- ASSESS size + function of the chambers, thickness + movement of the walls, extent of damage caused by MI or heart disease, structural problems in aorta, + presence of plaques and blockages in blood vessels
- Masses in the mediastinum
- BAD for imaging of lungs
13
Q
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI)
A
- AKA radionuclide stress test
- SHOWS how well the heart muscles is perfumed at rest + under exercise stress
- Radionuclide injected at rest + max exercise
- Reveals areas of reduced blood supply due to narrowing of coronary arteries
14
Q
Pharmacologic Stress Test
A
- Cardio stress induced via meds
- Used when regular exercise stress test is contraindicated or pt cannot physically perform test
- Adenosine, dipyrimdamole, dobutamine
15
Q
Phonocardiography
A
- Creates a graphic record of the sounds of the heart + great vessels
- Supplements auscultation and improves detection of S3 + S4 heart sounds in the dx of heart failure
16
Q
Pleuroscopy
A
- Examination of the lung surfaces, pleura, and pleural space using a small video camera inserted between the ribs
- Can take tissue sample or biopsy
17
Q
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
A
- Small amount of radioactive dye injected, inhaled, or swallowed (depending on organ being imaged)
- Increased material accumulated in areas with high levels of chemical activity = areas of disease
- USED for evaluating heart disease and cancer
18
Q
Thoracentesis
A
- Removal of fluid from pleural space with needle
19
Q
Venography
A
- Radiopaque dye injected into vein while x-ray creates an image of the vein
- DETECTS clot or blockage
20
Q
Ventilation-Perfusion Scan
A
- AKA lung scan of V/Q scan
- Small amounts of radioactive material used to study airflow + blood flow in the lungs
- Most commonly used for PE
