Cardiac

Question 1

Compliance is a

Answer 1

increase in volume with out an increase in pressure

Question 2

Infants have a more developed PNS or SNS

Answer 2

PNS—more sensitive to vagal and cant componsate with SNS

Question 3

3 Beta 1 receptors are

Answer 3

1. Heart rate
2. Conductivity
3. Speed of conduction

Question 4

Preload

Answer 4

The volume of blood creating a stretch on the muscle chamber at the end of diastole

Question 5

Decrease in Preload can cause

Answer 5

1. Hypovolemia
2. Arrhythmia
3. Loss of Atrial Kick
4. Decreased compliance

Question 6

Diacroctic notch on Aline is

Answer 6

the aortic valve closing

Question 7

Adrenergic Stimulation causes

Answer 7

1. shorter diastolic period
2. decreases systemic blood flow
3. Increased myocardial demand

Question 8

Increase in preload on the left heart

Answer 8

1. LV failure/dysfunction
2. Mitral Valve disease
3. Aortic Valve disease
4. Cardiac tamponade/effusion
5. Volume overload
6. Decreased compliance

Question 9

Increase in preload on the right heart

Answer 9

1. RV failure due to ischemia
2. Increased pulmonary vascular resitance
3. Cardiac Tamponade/effusion
4. LV failure/dysfunciton
5. VOlume overload

Question 10

Afterload

Answer 10

The pressure or resistance the LV must contract against or overcome to eject blood or create systole

Question 11

Causes for decreases in Afterload

Answer 11

1. Sepsis
2. Vasodilation
3. Vasodilator therapies

Question 12

Causes of increase in Afterload Right Heart

Answer 12

1. Pulmonary hypertenison
2. Hypoxemia
3. Pulmonic stenosis

Question 13

Causes of increases in Afterload Left Heart

Answer 13

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Vasopressers
3. Hypothermia

Question 14

QT represents

Answer 14

Repolarization of the ventricle–repolarization is electrically unstable time

Question 15

Long QT syndrome

Answer 15

R wave falls on a T wave likely causing Ventricular Tachycardia

Question 16

Parasympathetic NS causes

Answer 16

From the Vagus nerve

1. stimulates flow of saliva
2. Slows HR
3. Constricts Bronchi
4. Stimulates Perstalis and secretions
5. stimulates release of bile
6. Contracts bladder

Question 17

Sympathetic NS causes

Answer 17

From string of ganglion

1. Dialates pupils
2. decreases flow of saliva
3. Accelerates HR
4. Dialates Bronchi
5. inhibits perstalisis and secretions
6. coverts glycogen to glucose
7. Secretions of Adrenaline and nonadrenaline
8. inhibts bladder contraciton

Question 18

Sympathetic NS on Cardiac

Answer 18

1. Stimulate B1 receptors– increase HR and contractilitu
2. Stimulates B2 receptors–transient vasodilation
3. stimulates a receptors–vasoconstirction

Question 19

Parasympathetic NS on Cardiac

Answer 19

keeps HR at normal level

stimulation of Vagal nerve causes bradycarida

Question 20

Cardiac output

Answer 20

Volume of blood ejected by ventricles per minute

CO: HR x Stroke Volume

Question 21

Cardiac Index

Answer 21

Cardiac output/ BSA

Question 22

Normal Cardiac Index

Answer 22

2.5-4L/min/m2

Question 23

First indicator of poor cardiac perfusion

Answer 23

LOC

Question 24

Factors affecting stroke volume

Answer 24

Diastolic filling and compliance

systolic ejection and contractility

Question 25

Afterload measured by

Answer 25

PAP, PVR, SVR and BP

Question 26

Preload Monitored by

Answer 26

CVP

Question 27

Milrinone

Answer 27

increases availability of calcium and myocardial relaxation–improving diastole and contractility