Cardiac Flashcards
Compliance is a
increase in volume with out an increase in pressure
Infants have a more developed PNS or SNS
PNS—more sensitive to vagal and cant componsate with SNS
3 Beta 1 receptors are
- Heart rate
- Conductivity
- Speed of conduction
Preload
The volume of blood creating a stretch on the muscle chamber at the end of diastole
Decrease in Preload can cause
- Hypovolemia
- Arrhythmia
- Loss of Atrial Kick
- Decreased compliance
Diacroctic notch on Aline is
the aortic valve closing
Adrenergic Stimulation causes
- shorter diastolic period
- decreases systemic blood flow
- Increased myocardial demand
Increase in preload on the left heart
- LV failure/dysfunction
- Mitral Valve disease
- Aortic Valve disease
- Cardiac tamponade/effusion
- Volume overload
- Decreased compliance
Increase in preload on the right heart
- RV failure due to ischemia
- Increased pulmonary vascular resitance
- Cardiac Tamponade/effusion
- LV failure/dysfunciton
- VOlume overload
Afterload
The pressure or resistance the LV must contract against or overcome to eject blood or create systole
Causes for decreases in Afterload
- Sepsis
- Vasodilation
- Vasodilator therapies
Causes of increase in Afterload Right Heart
- Pulmonary hypertenison
- Hypoxemia
- Pulmonic stenosis
Causes of increases in Afterload Left Heart
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasopressers
- Hypothermia
QT represents
Repolarization of the ventricle–repolarization is electrically unstable time
Long QT syndrome
R wave falls on a T wave likely causing Ventricular Tachycardia
Parasympathetic NS causes
From the Vagus nerve
- stimulates flow of saliva
- Slows HR
- Constricts Bronchi
- Stimulates Perstalis and secretions
- stimulates release of bile
- Contracts bladder
Sympathetic NS causes
From string of ganglion
- Dialates pupils
- decreases flow of saliva
- Accelerates HR
- Dialates Bronchi
- inhibits perstalisis and secretions
- coverts glycogen to glucose
- Secretions of Adrenaline and nonadrenaline
- inhibts bladder contraciton
Sympathetic NS on Cardiac
- Stimulate B1 receptors– increase HR and contractilitu
- Stimulates B2 receptors–transient vasodilation
- stimulates a receptors–vasoconstirction
Parasympathetic NS on Cardiac
keeps HR at normal level
stimulation of Vagal nerve causes bradycarida
Cardiac output
Volume of blood ejected by ventricles per minute
CO: HR x Stroke Volume
Cardiac Index
Cardiac output/ BSA
Normal Cardiac Index
2.5-4L/min/m2
First indicator of poor cardiac perfusion
LOC
Factors affecting stroke volume
Diastolic filling and compliance
systolic ejection and contractility
