Cardiac

Question 1

One word to describe distributive shock?

Answer 1

Vasodilation

Question 2

What is stroke volume?

Answer 2

pre-load which is the pressure of blood entering the heart

Question 3

What are 3 complications of HTN?

Answer 3

Renal damage, hypertensive crisis, and atherosclerosis.

Question 4

What are 5 things we should worry about in a patient with hypertensive crisis?

Answer 4

Anything to do with end organ damage. Renal damage, MI, stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive retinopathy.

Question 5

What are possible complications of atherosclerosis?

Answer 5

HTN, stroke, CAD, and PAD

Question 6

What are possible complications of CAD?

Answer 6

Chronic ischemic heart disease, ACS, and MI

Question 7

What is the major cause of CAD?

Answer 7

Atherosclerosis

Question 8

What is a STEMI ?

Answer 8

When there is ST elevation in 3 or more consecutive leads.

Question 9

What is an NSTEMI?

Answer 9

ST elevations but not in 3 consecutive leads.

Question 10

What is a possible complication of peripheral artery disease?

Answer 10

Necrosis of the limb

Question 11

What 2 disorders can cause an aneurysm to develop?

Answer 11

Marfans and Ehler’s Danlos syndrome

Question 12

What are risk factors for aneurysms.

Answer 12

Trauma, genetics, and atherosclerosis

Question 13

What labs should we consider to rule out pericarditis?

Answer 13

Blood cultures, cardiac enzymes, CRP, and ESR.

Question 14

What are possible causes of pericarditis?

Answer 14

Viral infection, connective tissue disease, surgeries, radiation therapy, trauma or drug toxicity.

Question 15

What are possible causes of pericardial effusion?

Answer 15

Pericarditis, cancer, surgery, and trauma.

Question 16

What are symptoms of a cardiac tamponade?

Answer 16

Tachycardia, hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD, cyanosis.

Question 17

What is a reduced EF?

Answer 17

When there is a decrease in the % of blood that is pumped out from the L ventricle with each beat

Question 18

What is a normal EF %?

Answer 18

55-65%

Question 19

What is a preserved EF?

Answer 19

When the ventricle is pumping out a normal amount but filling less.

Question 20

What are possible causes of heart failure?

Answer 20

CAD, cardiomyopathy, IV drug use, alcohol abuse, long term HTN, valvular heart disease, and MI.

Question 21

What is valve stenosis?

Answer 21

When the valve is unable to open properly affecting blood flow going into the next chamber.

Question 22

What is valve regurgitation?

Answer 22

When the valve is unable to close properly causing a back flow of blood.

Question 23

Why is valvular heart disease a major cause of heart failure?

Answer 23

Because there is a reduction in flow and back up of pressure so the heart will be unable to meet metabolic demands of the body.

Question 24

People with infective endocarditis can develop Oslers nodes. What are they?

Answer 24

Tender red lesions on the hands and feet

Question 25

What are Janeway lesions seen with people who have infective endocarditis?

Answer 25

Red non tender nodular lesions on palms and soles

Question 26

Why will someone with infective endocarditis have an enlarged spleen?

Answer 26

Increase of WBC production to fight infection