Cardiac Flashcards
One word to describe distributive shock?
Vasodilation
What is stroke volume?
pre-load which is the pressure of blood entering the heart
What are 3 complications of HTN?
Renal damage, hypertensive crisis, and atherosclerosis.
What are 5 things we should worry about in a patient with hypertensive crisis?
Anything to do with end organ damage. Renal damage, MI, stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive retinopathy.
What are possible complications of atherosclerosis?
HTN, stroke, CAD, and PAD
What are possible complications of CAD?
Chronic ischemic heart disease, ACS, and MI
What is the major cause of CAD?
Atherosclerosis
What is a STEMI ?
When there is ST elevation in 3 or more consecutive leads.
What is an NSTEMI?
ST elevations but not in 3 consecutive leads.
What is a possible complication of peripheral artery disease?
Necrosis of the limb
What 2 disorders can cause an aneurysm to develop?
Marfans and Ehler’s Danlos syndrome
What are risk factors for aneurysms.
Trauma, genetics, and atherosclerosis
What labs should we consider to rule out pericarditis?
Blood cultures, cardiac enzymes, CRP, and ESR.
What are possible causes of pericarditis?
Viral infection, connective tissue disease, surgeries, radiation therapy, trauma or drug toxicity.
What are possible causes of pericardial effusion?
Pericarditis, cancer, surgery, and trauma.
What are symptoms of a cardiac tamponade?
Tachycardia, hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD, cyanosis.
What is a reduced EF?
When there is a decrease in the % of blood that is pumped out from the L ventricle with each beat
What is a normal EF %?
55-65%
What is a preserved EF?
When the ventricle is pumping out a normal amount but filling less.
What are possible causes of heart failure?
CAD, cardiomyopathy, IV drug use, alcohol abuse, long term HTN, valvular heart disease, and MI.
What is valve stenosis?
When the valve is unable to open properly affecting blood flow going into the next chamber.
What is valve regurgitation?
When the valve is unable to close properly causing a back flow of blood.
Why is valvular heart disease a major cause of heart failure?
Because there is a reduction in flow and back up of pressure so the heart will be unable to meet metabolic demands of the body.
People with infective endocarditis can develop Oslers nodes. What are they?
Tender red lesions on the hands and feet
What are Janeway lesions seen with people who have infective endocarditis?
Red non tender nodular lesions on palms and soles
Why will someone with infective endocarditis have an enlarged spleen?
Increase of WBC production to fight infection
