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Brain Dump > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

We initiate stain therapy when the ASCVD risk is > ____

A

ACVD greater than 7.5%

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2
Q

What is a normal triglyceride level?

A

<150

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3
Q

What is a normal LDL

A

<100

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4
Q

How often do we do a lipid profile on a patient?

A

Every 5 years

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5
Q

What s/s do we need to be aware of when a patient starts a statin?

A

Arcus Senilis (gray halo around eye)
Xanthelasma

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6
Q

What are 2 high intensity statins?

A

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

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7
Q

What are symptoms we need to monitor when a patient starts a statin?

A

muscle pain
jaundice

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8
Q

If someone is experience rhabdo from their statin….how how will their CK level be?

A

5x normal limit

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9
Q

if someone on a statin is becoming jaundice…what are they experiencing?
What lab do you want to draw

A

acute drug induced hepatitis

LFTs

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10
Q

A normal triglyceride level is <150….what if it’s greater than 500? What might happen to the patient?

A

pancreatitis

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11
Q

What are 2 possible clinical signs of necrotizing pancreatitis? Describe them

A

Cullen’s sign - hemorrhagic discoloration of the umbilical area due to intraperitoneal hemorrhage
Turner’s sign - discoloration of the left flank associated with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

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12
Q

According to JNC 8 guidelines, we wat to initiate BP management in people >60 years if their BP is greater than _____

A

150/90

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13
Q

According to JNC 8, for people <60 years with CKD or DM…when do you initiate BP management?

A

140/90

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14
Q

What do you want to monitor on an ACE inhibitor?

A

Renal function
Potassium (risk hyperkalemia)

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15
Q

Who should not get a thiazide?

A

People who would not benefit from
-increased triglycerides
-increased uric acid
-increased glucose

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16
Q

Who are thiazides great for?

A

People with osteoporosis because it stimulates osteoblasts to make bone and the body to retain more calcium

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17
Q

Who should not take CCB?

A

GERD (vasodilation lowers esophageal sphincter)

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18
Q

What BP medication do we prefer on African Americans?

A

Thiazide diuretics or CCB

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19
Q

What are the 3 preferred meds in pregnant women preferred for BP control?

A

Labetalol
nifedipine
Methyldopa

20
Q

What are category X BP meds in pregnant women?

A

ACE-I & ARBs

21
Q

According to AHA/ACC we can initiate BP meds in HTN if their ASCVD risk is greater than

A

10%

22
Q

If a patient has isolated systolic htn, what is the preferred BP med?

A

CCB

23
Q

What is going on with our patient if they’re having variances in their heart rate between inspiration and expiration?

What patient is this seen in?

A

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

young and healthy athlete

24
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

What does it indicate?

A

10mmHg drop in SBP upon inspiration

Cardiac tamponade
Status asthmaticus

25
Q

A HF patient gains X amount of weight in X amount of time, when should they report it?

A

2kg in 24 hours

26
Q

What extra heart sound do you hear in fluid overload

A

S3

27
Q

What extra heart sound might you hear in pregnancy?

A

S3 d/t extra fluid

28
Q

What diabetes medication should be avoided in HF patients?

A

TZDs

29
Q

What OTC meds should HF patients avoid? Why?

A

NSAIDs
Increased Na+ & fluid retention

30
Q

When do we hear the S1 heart sound?

A

Closure of the AV valves: Mitral & tricuspid

31
Q

When do we hear the S2 sound?

A

closure of semilunar valves: aortic and pulmonic

32
Q

When do we hear S3 sound?

A

Extra fluid
-pregnancy
-heart failure

33
Q

When do we hear the S4 sound?

A

-uncontrolled htn
-LVH

34
Q

What do we do when we hear a split between S2 in inspiration and expiration?

A

refer

35
Q

When is a split S2 normal?

A

only when it occurs during inspiration only

36
Q

What murmurs need to be referred?

A

diastolic

37
Q

What type of murmur radiates?

A

systolic

38
Q

What are the diastolic murmurs?

A

ARMS
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation

39
Q

What are the systolic murmurs?

A

MR PASS MVP
Mitral Regurgitation
Physiological Aortic stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse

40
Q

What murmur radiates to the neck?

A

Aortic Stenosis
Systolic

41
Q

What murmur radiates to the armpit?

A

Mitral regurgitation
systolic

42
Q

What systolic murmur do you hear a click?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

43
Q

When is mitral valve prolapse with a click commonly seen?

A

Marfan syndrome
usually pediatrics

44
Q

what grade murmur are we going to hear a palpable thrill?

A

Grade 4 or higher

45
Q

What is pain with activity and relieved with rest?

A

intermittent claudication

46
Q

How is Raynaud’s treated?

A

CCB

Brain Dump (22 decks)

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