Carboxylic Acids And Derivatives Flashcards
What is a carboxylic acid and state it’s functional group?
A group with C=O and -OH
How do you name carboxylic acids?
Find the longest carbon chain
Name ends in -oic acid
Are carboxylic acids soluble in water, If so why?
Yes, because there is a large difference in electronegativity between C and O in the C=O which then forms a hydrogen bind with the water molecules.
They are only soluble in small chains because as you increase the chain length there’s an increase in van der waals
What IMF’s are in carboxylic acids?
Van der waals (throughout the whole molecule)
Permenant dipole dipoles ( the C=O)
Hydrogen bonding (-OH bond)
What are esters?
State their functional group and general formula
Esters are sweet smelling can be used in perfumes.
-COO
RCOOR
How do you name esters?
List some uses of esters
What is the equation for the reaction of Ethan oil acid and propanol?
Name common natural esters
What are the two ways to hydrolyse esters?
What is the equation for the acid hydrolysis of esters?
(State the conditions and reagents needed for this reaction)
What is the equation for the alkali hydrolysis of esters?
(State the conditions and reagents for this reaction)
What alcohol is formed from the ester that make up animal and vegetable fat?
What is the difference between fats and oils?
What are the products of hydrolysing fats and oils?
What are the uses of propane-1,2,3-triol?
How is grease removed from your clothes/ how does soap work?
Why are carboxylic acids weak acids?
What are some common uses of glycerol?
What is biodiesel?
How do you make biodiesel?
(Include the general equation and conditions)
Define transesterification
What are carboxylic acids derivatives?
Name two acid derivatives of carboxylic acids and state their functional groups
Name and describe the mechanism for the acylation of a nucleophile by an acid derivative
What factors determine how readily the acylation of a nucleophile by acid derivative occurs?
Which is more reactive- acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides?
What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ammonia?
Describe the mechanism for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with ammonia
What is the product of the acylation of an acid anhydride or acyl chloride if ammonia is the nucleophile?
What is the product of the acylation of an acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides if a primary amine was the nucleophile?
What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride with methylamine?
Describe the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride with methylamine
What is the product of the acylation of acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides if the nucleophile is an alcohol?
What is the equation for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ethanol?
Describe the mechanism for the reaction between ethanoyl chloride and ethanol
What is an important acylation reaction?
List the advantages of using ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride as an acylation agent
What conditions are needed to form methyl esters from acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides?
