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Chemistry > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of molecules are alkanes?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons with single C-C bonds only

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2
Q

State the general formula for an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Are alkanes polar or not?
Give a reason for your answer

A

No, there is no large difference in electronegativity between C and H

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4
Q

How are alkane hydrocarbons separated?

A

Fractional distillation

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5
Q

What is crude oil and how is it formed?

A

A fossil fuel formed from the breakdown of plants and animal remains

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6
Q

List the fractions in the fractional distillation column from high to low boiling point

A

Lubricating oils (340)
Fuel oils (300)
Diesel oil (250)
Kerosene (180)
Naptha (110)
Petrol (40)
Fuel gas (20)

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7
Q

What is fractional distillation and how does it work?

A

Separation of crude oil into different fractions according to their boiling points

Crude oil is vaporised in a furnace and passed into the bottom of a column

Temperature gradient( hot at bottom and cold at the top)

Vapour passes up the column and fractions condense at different heights

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8
Q

Why are alkanes cracked?

A

To convert longer chain hydrocarbons into shorter more valuable ones

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9
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Thermal
Catalytic

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10
Q

What are the conditions for thermal cracking?

A

High temperature and high pressure

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11
Q

What are the conditions for catalytic cracking?

A

Low temperature and low pressure with a zeolite catalyst

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12
Q

What are the main products of catalytic cracking?

A

Motor fuels
Aromatic compounds
Cycloalkanes

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13
Q

Explain the economic reasons for cracking alkanes

A
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14
Q

What are the uses of alkanes?

A
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15
Q

What is fuel?

A
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16
Q

What is incomplete combustion and what products are formed?

A

Burning of alkenes with limited oxygen and produces carbon or carbon monoxide

17
Q

What type of hydrocarbons are most likely to undergo incomplete combustion?

A
18
Q

What is the equation for the combustion of propane?

A
19
Q

State the environmental impact of CO

A
20
Q

State the environmental impact of NO

A
21
Q

State the environmental impact of C

A
22
Q

What is the environmental impact of CO2?

A
23
Q

What is the environmental impact of SO2?

A
24
Q

What do catalytic converters do?

A
25
Q

What are catalytic converters made of?

A
26
Q

What do catalytic converters catalyse?
State the equation for this reaction

A
27
Q

What is a flue gas?

A
28
Q

State the two equations for desulfurising flue gases

A
29
Q

What mechanism is the reaction of methane with chlorine?

A
30
Q

What are the stages of free radical substitution?

A
31
Q

Write equations for the reaction of methane chlorine

A

Chemistry (34 decks)

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