carbonyls and carboxylic acids Flashcards
1
Q
oxidation of aldehydes
A
aldehyde + [O] >carboxylic acid
(K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
2
Q
why do carbonyls react with nucleophiles
A
the polarity of the C=O bond means the C is slightly positive
3
Q
what molecule reduces carbonyls to alcohols
A
NaBH4(aq)
4
Q
what reduces carbonyls to hydroxynitriles
A
HCN
5
Q
mechanism for reaction with NaBH4
A
lone pair of electrons from H- is attracted to the delta+ carbon
the Pi bond in the C=O breaks by heterolytic fission
the oxygen atom from the intermediate donates a lone pair to a hydrogen from water
6
Q
the mechanism for the reaction with NaCN/H+
A
lone pair of electrons from the cyanide ion is attracted to the delta+ carbon
the Pi bind in the C=O breaks by heterolytic fission
the intermediate donates a lone pair of electrons to a hydrogen
