Carbon And The Molecular Diversity Of Life

Question 1

Carbon’s electrons

Answer 1

2 inner shell
4 second shell

Question 2

Completes its valence (carbon) by

Answer 2

Sharing electrons with other atoms in four covalent bonds
Single and double

Question 3

When a carbon atom forms covalent bonds with four other atoms, they are arranged - how?

Answer 3

At the corners of an imaginary tetrahedron with bond angles at 109.5°

Question 4

When two carbon atoms are joined by a double bond, all bonds around those carbons are

Answer 4

In the same plane as the carbons

Question 5

The number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell is generally

Answer 5

The number of covalent bonds it can form

Question 6

The most frequent bonding partners of carbon are

Answer 6

Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 7

One carbon atoms forms two —-type of bond—- with two oxygen atoms

Answer 7

double bonds

Question 8

Each atom forms — type of bond—- to complete its valence shell

Answer 8

Covalent bond

Question 9

Energy giving function

Answer 9

Inorganic phosphate

Question 10

Atp

Answer 10

Adenosine triphosphate
Important organic phosphate
Primary energy transfer molecule in living cells

Question 11

Hydrocarbons

Answer 11

Are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 12

Hydrocarbons

Answer 12

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 13

Fats are biological molecules that have…

Answer 13

Long hydrocarbon tails attached to a nonhydrocarbon component

Question 14

Isomers

Answer 14

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and, therefore, different chemical properties

Question 15

Structural isomers

Answer 15

Same molecular formula, but differ in the covalent arrangement of atoms
May also differ in the location of the double bonds

Question 16

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 16

Have the same covalent partnerships but differ in spatial arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon double bond
Double bond doesn’t allow rotation around carbon axis

Question 17

Cis isomer

Answer 17

The two matching atoms are on the same side

Question 18

Trans isomer

Answer 18

The two matching atoms are on opposite sides

Question 19

Enantiomers

Answer 19

Isomers that are mirror images of each other
Possible when 4 diff atoms or groups of atoms are bonded to an asymmetric carbon
Usually one is biologically active and one is inactive

Question 20

Distinctive properties of an organic molecule depend on

Answer 20

The arrangement of it’s carbon skeleton and the chemical groups attached to that skeleton

Question 21

Functional groups

Answer 21

The components of organic molecules that are directly involved in chemical reactions

Question 22

Seven function groups that are most important in the chemistry of life

Answer 22

Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carbonyl group
Amino group
Sulfhydryl group (hydrophobic)
Phosphate group
Methyl group (non-reactive)

Question 23

Non-reactive group

Answer 23

Methyl
- often serves as a recognizable tag or biological molecules

Question 24

Hydrophobic group

Answer 24

Sulfhydryl

Question 25

Atp consists of

Answer 25

An organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups

Question 26

How is energy released from atp

Answer 26

Atp reacts with water, one inorganic phosphate ion is split off, and ATP becomes adenosine DIphosphate (ADP)
Atp stores potential to react w water, releasing energy that can be used by the cell