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A Level Geography > Carbon 6.6 > Flashcards

Carbon 6.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

nuclear power

pros

A
  • Exothermic nuclear processes
  • Mining and refining
  • Carbon neutral
  • Economically stable
  • Capable for producing large amounts of energy
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2
Q

nuclear power

cons

A
  • Widespread radioactive contamination if there is a fault – Chernobyl 1986
  • 20 metric tons of nuclear waste – radiation and heat released
  • Higher cost to run
  • Nuclear power plant construction is expensive
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3
Q

solar

pros

A
  • Renewable and produces no pollution
  • Generate power silently
  • Can be located anywhere
  • Shapes and sizes
  • Enough energy hits earth in one to supply energy for the whole year
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4
Q

solar

cons

A
  • Not constant supply of energy – not during night
  • High initial construction cost
  • The production of solar panels releases large amounts of green house gases
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5
Q

wind power

pros

A
  • Cheapest form of renewable energy
  • Much of the land around turbines can be still used
  • Installed in a way that they are stable then large trees
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6
Q

wind power

cons

A
  • Wind is a less predictable resource – winds may change so may make them less efficient in the future
  • Bird and bats can be killed
  • Make more noise and can be ugly
  • Take up a lot of space
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7
Q

Case Study: UK using alternative energy sources

How is the UK changing its energy mix?

A
  • They are planning to close all traditional coal-fired power stations by 2025
  • Even though it still has 150 years of coal left, it is still considered insecure
  • Around 60% of its energy is imported
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8
Q

Case Study: UK using alternative energy sources

How has the UK planned to change their energy mix?

A

Increase its reliance on renewable energies – wind and solar – these have only grown due to government subsidies

Nuclear power stations – Hinkley Point C will provide 7% of the UK’s electricity

Reducing energy use through technologies such as LED light bulbs

Recycling energy which would normally be wasted

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9
Q

Strike price

A

when the government guarantees a minimum price per mega-watt hour to encourage investment into new renewable technologies

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10
Q

What is Biomass and its strike price?

A
  • Energy from the sun, generating electricity via photovoltaic cells
  • Strike price is £50-80/MwH
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11
Q

What is solar power and its strike price?

A
  • Energy from the sun, generating electricity via photovoltaic cells
  • Strike price is £50-80/MwH
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12
Q

What is wind power and its strike price?

A
  • moving air turns a propeller-driven generator
  • strike price for onshore = £80/MwH
  • for offshore = £115-120/MwH
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13
Q

What is wave and tidal energy, and does it have a strike price?

A
  • moving water flows through a barrage, driving turbines

- there is currently no strike price as technology for this is at the research stage

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14
Q

What is hydroelectric power and its strike price?

A
  • the vertical release of water turns a turbine to drive a generator
  • strike price is £100/MwH
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15
Q

What is nuclear power and its strike price?

A
  • the use of atomic reactions to obtain heat, in turn heating water and generating steam to drive a turbine
  • strike price of Hinkley Point C = £92.50/MwH
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16
Q

What is heat recovery systems or ground source heat pump and what are its costs?

A
  • where hear from air inside a building or underground in a garden is used to war air drawn from outside
  • costs vary between £1200 and £3000 for a house which would save £200 on annual energy bills
17
Q

What are the barriers to renewable energies?

A
  • Emerging countries with high coal reserves (e.g. China, India and Indonesia) will continue to exploit these due to lower cost and better security.
  • OPEC flooding the market with oil and lowering the price to make renewables less economically viable to invest into.
  • USA and Canada are investing into unconventional fossil fuels to a greater extent than renewables
  • Renewables are only developed in developed countries whose government backs them like Germany and the UK where the governments agree a ‘strike price’ in order to make them less risky for energy companies to invest in.
  • Renewables are also controversial in their immediate environmental impacts (e.g.dams and reservoirs flooding large areas).
  • Not all countries have the potential for using renewables in high proportions and there are few countries where renewables would be able to provide all energy supply.
  • NIMBY protests against developments

A Level Geography (20 decks)

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