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AS biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the general formula for carbohydrates?

A

CH20

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2
Q

what 2 functions do monosaccharides have?

A

energy for respiration

forms larger molecules

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3
Q

what would you call a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms? 3 carbon atoms? 6 carbon atoms?

A

pentose
triose
hexose

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4
Q

what is the most common hexose sugar? what is it’s formula?

A

a-glucose C6H1206

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5
Q

what do carbohydrates make up?

A

biological molecules - any living thing

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6
Q

what is an isomer?

A

has the same chemical formula but a different structure

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7
Q

what reaction changes a monosaccharide into a disaccharide? what bond does this form?

A

condensation - glycosidic

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8
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

2 sugars bonded together

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9
Q

what is a polysaccharide?

A

3 sugars or more bonded together

EG starch

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10
Q

what reaction changes a polysaccharide into a disaccharide? what needs to be present for this to happen?

A

hydrolysis reaction

water

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11
Q

what makes up sucrose?

A

fructose and a-glucose

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12
Q

what makes up maltose?

A

a-glucose + a-glucose

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13
Q

what makes up lactose?

A

a-glucose + galactose

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14
Q

how is beta glucose shown?

A

0H shown on the top and H on the bottom

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15
Q

what is a common polysaccharide?

A

starch

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16
Q

what does insoluble?

A

cannot be dissolved

17
Q

what 2 things makes up starch?

A

amylose and amylopectin

18
Q

how is amylose formed and describe its structure.

A

by a condensation reaction

coiled springs with 1,4 links of 3 or more a-glucose

19
Q

what is amylopectin structure like?

A

a-glucose but a branched structure with 1,6 links

20
Q

how do you test for starch?
what is a positive result?
negative result?

A

add iodine to solution
blue/black = positive
yellow / orange = negative

21
Q

why is the polysaccharide glycogen good for respiration?

A

because it stores glucose and it’s so compact

22
Q

what is glycogen made up of?

A

1,4 links and 1,6 links

23
Q

what does the polysaccharide chitin make up?

A

fungal walls and exoskeletons of insects

24
Q

what does the polysaccharide cellulose make up? how?

A

plant walls - cellulose chains, hydrogen bonds, microfibres, fibres

25
Q

what is cellulose structure like?

A

2 bets glucose with 1,4 bonds

26
Q

how do you test for reducing sugars?

A

add a Benedicts reagent and place in a hot water bath

27
Q

what is a positive result for a reducing sugars test? what does this mean?

A

brick red - an electron is donated

28
Q

what is a negative results for refusing sugars test?

A

blue

29
Q

what are some examples of reducing sugars?

A

glucose galactose fructose maltose lactose

30
Q

what is the test for non reducing sugars?

A

add acid , neutralise with hydrogen carbonate and then carry out the Benedicts test

31
Q

what is a positive and negative result for a non reducing sugars test?

A

brick red

blue

32
Q

what is a example of a non reducing sugar?

A

sucrose

AS biology (17 decks)

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