1.5 Flashcards
what reaction is the nucleotide combined together
condensation
what 3 things do nucleic acids have in them
phosphate group - circle
pentose sugar - hexagon
organic base either pyramidine or purine
what is the structure of ATP?
base adenine, sugar ribose , 3 phosphate groups
advantages of ATP
only one enzyme needed and released in small amounts
what is the structure of DNA?
2 polynucleotide stands wound in a double helix
what sugar does the DNA have
deoxyribose
what are the bases in DNA
adenine and thymine
guanine and cytosine
purines : A G
prymidines : C T
2 nucleic acids bonded together what is the bond?
hydrogen bonds
what is the structure of RNA?
single stranded
contains sugar ribose
contains uracil instead of thymine
2 functions of DNA?
replication
protein synthesis
3 types of replication
conservative
semi- conservative
dispersive
5 stages of protein synthesis
DNA - transcription in nucleus - mRNA- translation in ribosome - polypeptide
chromosomes are made from DNA wrapped around…?
HISTONE
3 stages of mitosis?
interphase
mitosis
cytokinesis —> division of cytoplasm to form daughter cells
what 4 things happen is prophase?
chromosomes condense - get shorter
pairs separate
protein micro tubes form - makes spindle
nuclear envelope disintegrates
what happens in metaphase?
chromosomes starch to spindle fibres and align on equator
what happens in anaphase
centromeres separate and spindle fibres shorten
what happens in telophase
chromosomes lengthen
spindle fibres break down
nuclear envelope re forms
nucleolus re appears
why is mitosis important
maintains chromosomes number
growth of tissue
repair of tissue
asexual reproduction - indentical off spring
